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 "identifier": "kaal:entity:policy-failure",
 "name": "Policy failure",
 "termCode": "policy-failure",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2740477-011",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2740477-011",
   "text": "The rising complexity of innovation driven regulatory issues confuses political and policy makers about rapidly emerging disruptive change, which makes a coherent political and policy solution to those challenges less likely.",
   "abstract": "the increasing complexity of innovation-driven regulatory issues causes political and policy makers' confusion over rapidly-emerging disruptive change, making a coherent political and policy solution to these challenges less likely.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, Venture Capital as Dynamic Regulation of Disruptive Innovation (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2740477",
   "datePublished": "2016",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "rapidly emerging and complex disruptive change"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "c72871b76fa2ad5a8a69ee8d3defc8f64e624be9052ce763e79cf6c58883f726",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2808132-012",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2808132-012",
   "text": "The political system is less likely to be able to resolve the challenges of disruptive innovation because the increasing complexity of innovation-driven regulatory issues causes confusion among political and policy makers about rapidly emerging change.",
   "abstract": "political system is, however, less likely to be able to deal with the challenges of disruptive innovation because the increasing complexity of innovation-driven regulatory issues causes political and policy makers' confusion over rapidly-emerging disruptive",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, How to Regulate Disruptive Innovation - From Facts to Data (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2808132",
   "datePublished": "2016",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-012",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-012",
   "text": "Corporate governance initiatives designed to encourage long-term thinking rarely work as policymakers expect them to.",
   "abstract": "Corporate governance initiatives that encourage long-term thinking rarely work as expected by policymakers.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "stewardship codes and comparable long-termism initiatives"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "fa4e986917d437cb1504281e7b986be2698e9507d8feaf426c9d7d1754ca882c",
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  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-013",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-013",
   "text": "Mobilizing investors as stewards leads managers to ask the wrong questions about sustainable success: rather than pushing firms toward innovation and relevancy, such measures simply reinforce the centralized shareholder primacy view they were meant to soften.",
   "abstract": "In fact, mobilizing investors may actually lead managers to ask the wrong kind of questions about what needs to be done to ensure sustainable success. Rather than incentivizing a focus on innovation and relevancy, such measures merely reinforce the centralized shareholder primacy view.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
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  },
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-037",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-037",
   "text": "Contemporary corporate governance reforms are unlikely to work as policymakers and regulators intend, because experts agree improvement is needed but disagree widely on what good corporate governance is or how to achieve it.",
   "abstract": "Contemporary corporate governance reforms are unlikely to work as intended by policymakers and regulators.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [],
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-038",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-038",
   "text": "The corporate governance frameworks developed in the 2000s had little or no impact on the performance of listed companies during the financial crisis, and the number, scale, and effects of corporate scandals are not diminishing.",
   "abstract": "Contemporary corporate governance frameworks developed in the 2000s had little or no impact on the performance of listed companies during the last financial crisis. Moreover, the number, scale, and effects of corporate scandals and economic failures do not appear to be diminishing.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "listed companies during the 2008 financial crisis"
   ],
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4957318-016",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4957318-016",
   "text": "Sunset provisions in tax law do not deliver fiscal restraint, because shifting baselines, exceptions to budget rules, and the difficulty of accurately costing temporary legislation undermine their theoretical benefits.",
   "abstract": "Complexities such as shifting baselines, exceptions to budget rules, and the challenges of accurately assessing the costs of temporary legislation undermine the theoretical benefits of sunset provisions in promoting fiscal restraint.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, The Future of Law - Dynamic Web3 Governance (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4957318",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "tax legislation subject to budget scoring rules"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "137fb77eb82111a85f0ab5581926f762a7414ae84aaf3d56e8299db670e0e0c1",
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 ],
 "description": "7 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'policy-failure'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}