# Private litigation

`kaal:entity:private-litigation`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 2 claims that carry the concept tag `private-litigation`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

2 claims across 2 works, 2010 to 2012.

**2010**

- [1664809-005](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1664809-005) [normative/argued] -- Because many countries choose to combat securities fraud through government enforcement rather than private litigation, the United States should respect the right of other countries to regulate their own markets.
  > respect the right of other countries to regulate their own markets.
  Richard W. Painter, Wulf A. Kaal, Extraterritorial Application of US Securities Law – Will the US Become the Default Jurisdiction for (2010). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1664809

**2012**

- [2029983-001](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2029983-001) [condition/argued] -- After Morrison, parties to securities transactions can be confident that U.S. law will not apply in private suits so long as their transactions are definitively located outside the United States, a certainty that did not exist under the prior conduct and effects tests.
  > after Morrison transacting parties can be confident that U.S. law will not apply in private suits provided their transac- tions are definitively outside the United States.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Richard W. Painter, Forum Competition and Choice of Law Competition in Securities Law after Morrison v. National Austral (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2029983

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/private-litigation.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.