{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/protectionism",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:protectionism",
 "name": "Protectionism",
 "termCode": "protectionism",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/protectionism.md",
 "sha256": "6d09335854f37a1b5ac0d90687fdfde4f697665561317c885135e320b3565a8a",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
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   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2011",
    "2017"
   ]
  },
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   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1806252-020",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1806252-020",
   "text": "Discrimination against non-EU jurisdictions under the AIFM Directive could provoke retaliatory action, and retaliation combined with a lack of intra-European cooperation could damage the European financial services industry and the whole European economy.",
   "abstract": "Discrimination against non-EU jurisdictions could provoke retaliatory action. As a consequence, retaliatory actions and a lack of intra-European cooperation could damage the European financial services industry and the whole European economy.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Hedge Fund Regulation Via Basel III (2011). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1806252",
   "datePublished": "2011",
   "claim_type": "predictive",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "obstacles to EU market access for non-EU funds and managers persist"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "3343ebfe05a925c3d1a75625c4b351ccff515c50819a48d155804daacf01429d",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2998097-007",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2998097-007",
   "text": "Proposals to improve close-out netting agreements and to harmonize standard documentation across jurisdictions are likely to run into jurisdictional arbitrage and national protectionism.",
   "abstract": "Proposals calling for improvements in close-out netting agreements for financial contracts and calls for harmonized standard documentation across jurisdictions may encounter jurisdictional arbitrage and national protectionism.41",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Private Investment Fund Regulation - Theory and Empirical Evidence from 1998 to 2016 (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2998097",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "cross border regulatory harmonization proposals after LTCM"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "0955054f49c7011d33c285579bb046e6b284e42755b10fd2546a728c202669d5",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'protectionism'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}