{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/protocol-security",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:protocol-security",
 "name": "Protocol security",
 "termCode": "protocol-security",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/protocol-security.md",
 "sha256": "296720c60819f587e78b9c476511c851f0143bd90e9b9685d7105695bf11f78e",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 1
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2018",
    "2018"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3125827-020",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3125827-020",
   "text": "The current dominance of altruists in the crypto space will not persist: once the crypto economy matures, an influx of hedgers and rent seekers can be anticipated with certainty, and they will exploit any weakness in the system for profit.",
   "abstract": "However, once the crypto economy is mature, we cannot assume users will continue to behave altruistically. We can anticipate, with certainty, an influx of hedgers and rent seekers who will quite naturally exploit any weakness in the system for profit.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Secure Proof of Stake Protocol (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125827",
   "datePublished": "2018",
   "claim_type": "predictive",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "maturation of the crypto economy beyond its emerging industry phase"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "598d9bd95e4af7a0a35328677c6bfc069f69f2e32c30c720b3a0be98a23a40cb",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3125827-021",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3125827-021",
   "text": "Successful proof of stake experiments running today cannot be used to infer that their protocols are truly secure, because the current participant population is atypically altruistic; confidence must instead come from sound reasoning about incentives.",
   "abstract": "Therefore we cannot use any successful experiments at this time to infer protocols are truly secure. We must rely on sound reasoning in order to obtain any confidence that our projects will continue to succeed.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Secure Proof of Stake Protocol (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125827",
   "datePublished": "2018",
   "claim_type": "normative",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "nascent crypto economy dominated by altruists"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "598d9bd95e4af7a0a35328677c6bfc069f69f2e32c30c720b3a0be98a23a40cb",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'protocol-security'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}