{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/proxy-contests",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:proxy-contests",
 "name": "Proxy contests",
 "termCode": "proxy-contests",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "additionalProperty": [
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
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   "value": 2
  },
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  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2025",
    "2025"
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  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5583610-011",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5583610-011",
   "text": "Retail investors, who hold roughly forty percent of U.S. equities and form a decisive voting bloc, are the channel through which LER strengthens incumbent board support in contested proxy battles.",
   "abstract": "By appealing to retail investors, who control roughly 40% of U.S. equities and form a powerful voting bloc,78 LER strengthens support for incumbent boards in contested proxy battles.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Liquid Equity Rewards in Corporate America (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5583610",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "contested proxy battles at U.S. issuers"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "2d73609d95ddb1573acc2a9e7af617fbe6283d6e591deb6317f6d5d804517c62",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5583610-018",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5583610-018",
   "text": "Activists currently prevail in about forty percent of proxy contests, and by rallying passive retail and institutional voters LER could cut that success rate by fifteen to thirty percentage points.",
   "abstract": "Extrapolating from earlier studies on activist success rates, LER could reduce activist success rates by 15–30% just by rallying retail and institutional support, thus creating a resilient ownership base that prioritizes the company's long-term vision",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Liquid Equity Rewards in Corporate America (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5583610",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "predictive",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "extrapolated from shareholder perk and loyalty studies rather than observed LER deployments"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "2d73609d95ddb1573acc2a9e7af617fbe6283d6e591deb6317f6d5d804517c62",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'proxy-contests'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}