{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/regulatory-authority",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:regulatory-authority",
 "name": "Regulatory authority",
 "termCode": "regulatory-authority",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/regulatory-authority.md",
 "sha256": "0d8bef97b705e6aa886c2c35f6787d0d968322a4c7f3f4396efb159b5d77df14",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 3
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 3
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2014",
    "2019"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2470008-015",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2470008-015",
   "text": "The FSOC's powers over nonbank financial institutions are broad and without precedent in United States financial regulation.",
   "abstract": "The FSOC's powers over nonbank financial institutions are broad and unprecedented in U.S. financial regulation.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, The Systemic Risk of Private Funds after the Dodd-Frank Act (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2470008",
   "datePublished": "2014",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "nonbank financial institutions subject to Dodd-Frank Title I"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "5f68a401c935527d89658171e9b48a4d186710459aaf2bdbead755507394e8c9",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2629451-008",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2629451-008",
   "text": "Because N/DPAs are contractual arrangements between corporations and the Department of Justice that remedy identified governance shortcomings, it is the DOJ, rather than Congress or the courts, that is changing U.S. corporate governance practice.",
   "abstract": "As contractual arrangements between a corporation and the Department of Justice (DOJ), intended to remedy identified governance shortcomings, the DOJ – not Congress or the Courts - is changing governance practices in the United States (Garrett 2014, Kaal and Lacine 2014).",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, Stock Price Response to Non- and Deferred Prosecution Agreements (2015). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2629451",
   "datePublished": "2015",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "United States, 1993 to 2015",
    "governance historically a matter of state law"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "507404d641abb922ab6d8e3a0b032e35ead2befd7b88746d09d178a8fa816957",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3405660-020",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3405660-020",
   "text": "Indirect regulation is often the only feasible tool available, because in many jurisdictions regulators lack full direct regulatory authority over hedge funds and can act only through the regulated entities they do control.",
   "abstract": "Indirect regulation if often the only feasible regulatory tool for regulators seeking to lower risks associated with the hedge fund industry and protect investors and markets. In many jurisdictions, regulators do not have (full) direct regulatory authority over hedge funds.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Indirect Regulation of Hedge Funds (2019). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3405660",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "jurisdictions where regulators lack full direct authority over hedge funds",
    "regulators have authority over broker dealers, prime brokers and affiliates"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "cf507b1833071765bc13a5605f38c2591582eca85f40869e38b6ff075c04d29d",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'regulatory-authority'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}