# Regulatory authority

`kaal:entity:regulatory-authority`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 3 claims that carry the concept tag `regulatory-authority`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

3 claims across 3 works, 2014 to 2019.

**2014**

- [2470008-015](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2470008-015) [empirical/argued] -- The FSOC's powers over nonbank financial institutions are broad and without precedent in United States financial regulation.
  > The FSOC's powers over nonbank financial institutions are broad and unprecedented in U.S. financial regulation.
  Wulf A. Kaal, The Systemic Risk of Private Funds after the Dodd-Frank Act (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2470008

**2015**

- [2629451-008](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2629451-008) [mechanism/argued] -- Because N/DPAs are contractual arrangements between corporations and the Department of Justice that remedy identified governance shortcomings, it is the DOJ, rather than Congress or the courts, that is changing U.S. corporate governance practice.
  > As contractual arrangements between a corporation and the Department of Justice (DOJ), intended to remedy identified governance shortcomings, the DOJ – not Congress or the Courts - is changing governance practices in the United States (Garrett 2014, Kaal and Lacine 2014).
  Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, Stock Price Response to Non- and Deferred Prosecution Agreements (2015). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2629451

**2019**

- [3405660-020](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3405660-020) [condition/argued] -- Indirect regulation is often the only feasible tool available, because in many jurisdictions regulators lack full direct regulatory authority over hedge funds and can act only through the regulated entities they do control.
  > Indirect regulation if often the only feasible regulatory tool for regulators seeking to lower risks associated with the hedge fund industry and protect investors and markets. In many jurisdictions, regulators do not have (full) direct regulatory authority over hedge funds.
  Kaal, Indirect Regulation of Hedge Funds (2019). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3405660

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/regulatory-authority.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.