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  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1664809-015",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1664809-015",
   "text": "Assimilation of US legal rules into European regulatory approaches may itself increase transaction costs for the jurisdiction that changes its law.",
   "abstract": "Assimilation of US legal rules in turn may result in increased",
   "citation": "Richard W. Painter, Wulf A. Kaal, Extraterritorial Application of US Securities Law – Will the US Become the Default Jurisdiction for (2010). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1664809",
   "datePublished": "2010",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "jurisdictions that alter their law in response to US extraterritorial reach"
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2389416-001",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2389416-001",
   "text": "Title IV of the Dodd-Frank Act represents the most significant regulatory change in the history of the hedge fund industry, imposing mandatory adviser registration and disclosure for the first time since the industry's inception.",
   "abstract": "Title IV of the Dodd-Frank Act introduced the most significant regulatory change in the history of the hedge fund industry.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Barbara Luppi, Sandra Paterlini, Did the Dodd-Frank Act Impact Hedge Fund Performance (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2389416",
   "datePublished": "2014",
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2486570-022",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2486570-022",
   "text": "If leading corporations in an industry are bound by substantially similar agreements, the government's privileged access to information and its continuing oversight beyond the agreement term can make business and governance practices in that industry change lastingly.",
   "abstract": "Given the government's privileged access to information and continuing government oversight, even after the N/DPA term expires, business and governance practices in that industry could encounter lasting change.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, The Effect of Deferred and Non-Prosecution Agreements on Corporate Governance Evidence from 1993-20 (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2486570",
   "datePublished": "2014",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
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   "scope_conditions": [
    "requires the DOJ to target one industry with substantially similar or overlapping N/DPA terms"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2629451-016",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2629451-016",
   "text": "Unlike legislative mandates, N/DPA governance changes are preceded by no public debate or publicity, so their effect on firm value is not gradually incorporated into prices and is therefore testable by event study.",
   "abstract": "congressional mandates, prior to the ANDPAE there is no public debate or other publicity pertaining to the anticipated governance changes in the NDPA or possible fines. Accordingly, the effect of NDPA governance changes on firm value is not gradual and therefore testable.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, Stock Price Response to Non- and Deferred Prosecution Agreements (2015). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2629451",
   "datePublished": "2015",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
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   "scope_conditions": [
    "contrast with congressional regulatory changes whose effects are anticipated gradually"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4855607-040",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4855607-040",
   "text": "Governance protocols themselves must be continuously evaluated and adapted, because without that ongoing revision AI models will neither maintain optimal performance nor stay in line with changing regulations and societal expectations.",
   "abstract": "Moreover, continuously evaluating and adapting governance protocols is vital to maintain optimal performance of AI models and ensure they stay in line with changing regulations and societal expectations.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, How AI Models are Optimized Through Web3 Governance (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4855607",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "AI systems operating under regulations and societal expectations that change over time"
   ],
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5095633-035",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5095633-035",
   "text": "Because Fetch.ai's reputation metrics do not adjust to evolving ethical, legal, and community standards, the platform risks entrenching biases and outdated practices.",
   "abstract": "the platform risks reinforcing biases or outdated practices if metrics are insufficiently aligned with changes in societal expectations or regulatory norms.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Artificial Intelligence The Final Frontier (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5095633",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "failure",
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 "description": "6 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'regulatory-change'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}