{
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 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/regulatory-costs",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:regulatory-costs",
 "name": "Regulatory costs",
 "termCode": "regulatory-costs",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "sha256": "c7041ab4491569bc23a24ed8505e25ab57cba4fc21e35ba4346ed1a1d9ece2eb",
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   "value": [
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    "2019"
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3405660-016",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3405660-016",
   "text": "If coordinated international regulation forces hedge funds out, the funds can absorb the costs of relocating offshore while the market segments and jurisdictions they leave will inevitably suffer.",
   "abstract": "Hedge funds may be able to afford to relocate off- shore with all its detrimental repercussions, i.e. costs, client losses etc. but certain market segments and jurisdictions will inevitably suffer when all its hedge funds are forced out.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Indirect Regulation of Hedge Funds (2019). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3405660",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "predictive",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "coordinated international cooperation is actually implemented"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "cf507b1833071765bc13a5605f38c2591582eca85f40869e38b6ff075c04d29d",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3405660-021",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3405660-021",
   "text": "Indirect regulation minimizes regulatory expense by relying on the private sector risk practices of counterparties and creditors, producing an equilibrium between regulatory cost and regulatory attainment.",
   "abstract": "Relying on private sector practices by counterparties and creditors minimizes regulatory expenses significantly. Indirect regulation enables a state of equilibrium between costs and attainments of regulatory initiatives.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Indirect Regulation of Hedge Funds (2019). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3405660",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "counterparties and creditors actually maintain disciplined private sector practices"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "cf507b1833071765bc13a5605f38c2591582eca85f40869e38b6ff075c04d29d",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'regulatory-costs'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}