{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/regulatory-experimentation",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:regulatory-experimentation",
 "name": "Regulatory experimentation",
 "termCode": "regulatory-experimentation",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/regulatory-experimentation.md",
 "sha256": "74a290d8fc5d2f10017e5b745191bf5f2fd51f88958bc70a589a670081e2bcec",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 7
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 5
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2012",
    "2019"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1998455-024",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1998455-024",
   "text": "The combination of demonstrated investor interest and an underdeveloped regulatory structure in the United States presents a unique opportunity to experiment with contingent capital designs and with their application to the corporate governance of systemically important financial institutions.",
   "abstract": "The combination of investor interest and an underdeveloped regulatory structure in the United States, pertaining to this market segment, could present a unique opportunity to experiment with contingent capital designs and their possible application in corpo- rate governance of SIFIs.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Initial Reflections on the Possible Application of Contingent Capital in Corporate Governance (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1998455",
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "United States market conditions as of 2012",
    "structurally different debt and equity markets from Europe"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "1c16ff10a284469ba15fb7ba5523449b917388ee692d9b394f9e8c094544e32c",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1998455-026",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1998455-026",
   "text": "Harmonization and coordination can facilitate experimentation and learning, but experimentation is most effective when several different approaches are tried simultaneously in different jurisdictions.",
   "abstract": "Harmonization and coordination can help facilitate experimentation and a learning process, but experimentation is probably most effective when several different approaches can be tried simultaneously in dif- ferent jurisdictions.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Initial Reflections on the Possible Application of Contingent Capital in Corporate Governance (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1998455",
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "where multiple jurisdictions are free to adopt divergent rules"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "1c16ff10a284469ba15fb7ba5523449b917388ee692d9b394f9e8c094544e32c",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2029983-006",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2029983-006",
   "text": "Jurisdictional competition adapts legal rules to changed economic circumstances faster than harmonization does, because a single jurisdiction can change its rule unilaterally whereas harmonized regimes require all jurisdictions to agree on a rule before it can change.",
   "abstract": "When underlying economic circumstances change, it is more likely that a jurisdiction will change its rules if there is juris- dictional competition than if all jurisdictions are bound to agree upon the same rule before they change it.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Richard W. Painter, Forum Competition and Choice of Law Competition in Securities Law after Morrison v. National Austral (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2029983",
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "underlying market conditions are changing",
    "actors have imperfect information about optimal rules"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "fde2ff611420eb283cbb49a6b681a2ae8efa2b4603ae71480e2d91483f0295f2",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2273857-051",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2273857-051",
   "text": "Experimentation with different combinations of regulatory approaches is effective when several different approaches can be tried simultaneously in different jurisdictions.",
   "abstract": "Experimentation with different combinations of regulatory approaches can be effective when several different approaches can be tried simultaneously in different jurisdictions.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Dynamic Regulation of the Financial Services Industry (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2273857",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "multiple jurisdictions available for parallel experimentation"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e7cb3dea40593135acc99a9b00690138fe01020514ebf388f5140e1b0e59e82a",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2834531-037",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2834531-037",
   "text": "Regulatory experimentation matters within a single jurisdiction and not only across jurisdictions, because it gives regulators data on the real world effects of a particular regulatory scheme in a comparable setting.",
   "abstract": "But such experimentation is also important within a particular jurisdiction as it provides regulators with data on the real–world effects of a particular regulatory scheme in a comparable setting.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, Regulation Tomorrow What Happens When Technology Is Faster Than the Law (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2834531",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "comparable settings within one jurisdiction"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "9cd875ebdb0266febbdcdabfca5b9b9f0de1b7ad9e3d5a8a5971bdbe469323b7",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2834531-041",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2834531-041",
   "text": "The regulatory sandbox provides a safe space in which innovative products and services can be tested without being forced to comply with the otherwise applicable set of rules and regulations.",
   "abstract": "The idea behind the sandbox is to provide a safe space for testing innovative products and services without being forced to comply with the applicable set of rules and regulations.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, Regulation Tomorrow What Happens When Technology Is Faster Than the Law (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2834531",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "the FCA sandbox announced in April 2016 for Fintech firms"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "9cd875ebdb0266febbdcdabfca5b9b9f0de1b7ad9e3d5a8a5971bdbe469323b7",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3373393-014",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3373393-014",
   "text": "Government-sponsored organizational experimentation that enables new business models and new organizational structures is desirable and may be one of the few ways to facilitate the needed corporate governance reform.",
   "abstract": "organizational experimentation that enables new business models and new organizational structures is desirable and valuable and may be one of the few ways to facilitate the much needed corporate governance reform.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Solutions for Agency Problems in Corporate Governance (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3373393",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "normative",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "4d1424b9ba9aff8a61bc7a0dddd02cded93785e5843685dde76c07dcdb23961e",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "7 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'regulatory-experimentation'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}