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 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/regulatory-fragmentation",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:regulatory-fragmentation",
 "name": "Regulatory fragmentation",
 "termCode": "regulatory-fragmentation",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
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 "subjectOf": [
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1558614-028",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1558614-028",
   "text": "The EU's Market Abuse, Transparency, Markets in Financial Instruments and Prospectus Directives improved European securities regulation but still do not mandate coherent and comprehensive disclosure, leaving issuers free to disclose in disparate ways.",
   "abstract": "Despite many improvements, the directives do not mandate cohe- rent and comprehensive disclosure, and issuers continue to make 150 disclosures in disparate ways.",
   "citation": "Painter and Kaal, Initial Reflections on an Evolving Standard Constraints on Risk Taking by Directors and Officers in (2010). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1558614",
   "datePublished": "2010",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "European Union as of 2010, with no central securities agency and no centralized filing system"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e898211630f4116879329d6de8397523dca5b066864147421aa5cbc7429dc83b",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4796714-018",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4796714-018",
   "text": "Sector specific AI regulation, though responsive to the distinctive features of each field, produces a patchwork of complex rules that is difficult for developers to navigate and creates barriers to entry for smaller companies lacking compliance resources.",
   "abstract": "While emphasizing sector-specific regulations can be beneficial by addressing the unique characteristics of different fields, this approach can also lead to a patchwork of regulations that are complex and difficult for AI developers to navigate.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, AI Governance (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4796714",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "applies where multiple sector regulators issue separate AI rules",
    "burden falls hardest on resource constrained firms"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "59fa63bae179e8f9b6b8efbdf90cee28400276512a1b04f9f579a48641305c93",
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5554218-002",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5554218-002",
   "text": "Existing regulatory initiatives, including the UNCITRAL Model Laws and the European Union's Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation, provide only partial solutions and fail to address the full spectrum of legal issues raised by Web3 technologies.",
   "abstract": "Existing initiatives, such as the UNCITRAL Model Laws and the European Union's Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCAR), provide partial solutions but fail to address the full spectrum of issues,",
   "citation": "Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) Building the Legal Infrastructure for the Digital Era (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5554218",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "cross-border Web3 and digital asset transactions"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "55738b4035a91b70aa2ddaa127552fe4b373ec641afee2719fbdcabebdcbea44",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'regulatory-fragmentation'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}