{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/resolution",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:resolution",
 "name": "Resolution",
 "termCode": "resolution",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/resolution.md",
 "sha256": "23e5a1f9266e65e1e3af2ced4cfc749e37733f9200530a59c283d84aa4b7ea16",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 3
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2012",
    "2012"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1998455-013",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1998455-013",
   "text": "Converting contingent capital securities too late makes the capital injection superfluous, because by that stage the institution may face unresolvable difficulties that a capital injection can only marginally soften, and conversion may not suffice once the institution has entered resolution.",
   "abstract": "On the other hand, converting CCS too late could make the capital injection superfluous. At that stage, the financial institu- tion may have experienced unresolvable financial difficulties that may only marginally be softened with a capital injection.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Initial Reflections on the Possible Application of Contingent Capital in Corporate Governance (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1998455",
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "where the trigger fires after the institution's difficulties have become unresolvable",
    "especially once the institution has entered the resolution stage"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "1c16ff10a284469ba15fb7ba5523449b917388ee692d9b394f9e8c094544e32c",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2061166-032",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2061166-032",
   "text": "A trigger that fires too late is equally useless: by then the financial institution may already be in the resolution stage, and conversion at that point will not supply enough equity to turn the company around.",
   "abstract": "If conversion from debt to equity is triggered too late, the financial institution may already be in the resolution stage and conversion at that stage would not supply the company with sufficient equity to turn the company around.",
   "citation": "Christoph K. Henkel, Wulf A. Kaal, Contingent Capital in European Union Bank Restructuring (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2061166",
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "contingent capital converting only at or near the point of non-viability"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "43625ea260d0fc045e86d3435df50c9d0ca4abf8542e6085a6165be6653b4a7b",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2061166-034",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2061166-034",
   "text": "A second, sequential trigger placed before reorganization or resolution cushions the risk that policy makers misstructure the first trigger, absorbing the negative effects of inadequate or untimely conversion at the moment the institution needs capital.",
   "abstract": "Given the risk that policy makers may not structure the trigger appropriately, the negative effects of inadequate or untimely conversion of debt into equity at a time when the company requires a capital injection could be cushioned with a second trigger",
   "citation": "Christoph K. Henkel, Wulf A. Kaal, Contingent Capital in European Union Bank Restructuring (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2061166",
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "contingent capital with sequential triggers spanning going and gone concern",
    "where the first trigger proves unsuccessful"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "43625ea260d0fc045e86d3435df50c9d0ca4abf8542e6085a6165be6653b4a7b",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'resolution'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}