{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/retaliation",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:retaliation",
 "name": "Retaliation",
 "termCode": "retaliation",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/retaliation.md",
 "sha256": "3759c78d2b4279edf84edaf4f5a991674dc1930893f7fddf5c74b7c6c0a74540",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
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   "value": 1
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2011",
    "2011"
   ]
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 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1806252-005",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1806252-005",
   "text": "The AIFM Directive could create incentives for regulatory arbitrage and could provoke retaliatory action by countries outside the European Union.",
   "abstract": "The AIFM Directive could create incentives for regulatory arbitrage and potentially cause retaliatory action by non-EU countries.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Hedge Fund Regulation Via Basel III (2011). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1806252",
   "datePublished": "2011",
   "claim_type": "predictive",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "non-EU funds and managers face restricted access to EU markets"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "3343ebfe05a925c3d1a75625c4b351ccff515c50819a48d155804daacf01429d",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1806252-020",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1806252-020",
   "text": "Discrimination against non-EU jurisdictions under the AIFM Directive could provoke retaliatory action, and retaliation combined with a lack of intra-European cooperation could damage the European financial services industry and the whole European economy.",
   "abstract": "Discrimination against non-EU jurisdictions could provoke retaliatory action. As a consequence, retaliatory actions and a lack of intra-European cooperation could damage the European financial services industry and the whole European economy.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Hedge Fund Regulation Via Basel III (2011). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1806252",
   "datePublished": "2011",
   "claim_type": "predictive",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "obstacles to EU market access for non-EU funds and managers persist"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "3343ebfe05a925c3d1a75625c4b351ccff515c50819a48d155804daacf01429d",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'retaliation'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}