{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/risk-culture",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:risk-culture",
 "name": "Risk culture",
 "termCode": "risk-culture",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/risk-culture.md",
 "sha256": "2c604d8ca77f9e8f58d422cc4b7a6caecbd549ac6f682c5e6e61b6fd68f38444",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
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   "value": 2
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   "value": 1
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2010",
    "2010"
   ]
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1558614-011",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1558614-011",
   "text": "A country whose bankers do not embrace intentional risk taking is still exposed to risk, both through the collateral effects of intentional risk taking abroad and through unintentional risk taking at home, so domestic cultural restraint is not a sufficient safeguard.",
   "abstract": "Countries where bankers do not typically embrace intentional risk taking are still vulnerable to collateral effects of intentional risk taking in other countries as well as unintentional risk taking in their own financial institutions",
   "citation": "Painter and Kaal, Initial Reflections on an Evolving Standard Constraints on Risk Taking by Directors and Officers in (2010). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1558614",
   "datePublished": "2010",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "open financial systems with cross border bank activity"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e898211630f4116879329d6de8397523dca5b066864147421aa5cbc7429dc83b",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1558614-012",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1558614-012",
   "text": "Hindsight bias exerts a stronger influence on how excessive risk is defined in countries culturally predisposed to dwell on their own past, while countries oriented toward a future unlike the past more easily dismiss earlier financial lessons as irrelevant.",
   "abstract": "Hindsight bias and other concep- tual approaches rooted in past experience—including valid lessons learned from past experience—may exert a more powerful influence in a country that is otherwise predisposed to be concerned with its past",
   "citation": "Painter and Kaal, Initial Reflections on an Evolving Standard Constraints on Risk Taking by Directors and Officers in (2010). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1558614",
   "datePublished": "2010",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "applies to the ex post characterization of risk as excessive"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e898211630f4116879329d6de8397523dca5b066864147421aa5cbc7429dc83b",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'risk-culture'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}