# Risk

`kaal:entity:risk`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 4 claims that carry the concept tag `risk`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

4 claims across 4 works, 2018 to 2025.

**2018**

- [3227967-034](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3227967-034) [failure/asserted] *(failure mode)* -- In a truly decentralized system any mistake, such as a stolen or lost password or a programming bug, is permanent and irrevocable.
  > Remember that in a truly decentralized system, any mistakes (stolen/lost passwords, programming bugs, etc.) are permanent and irrevocable.
  Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, Legal Education in a Digital Age Why 'Coding for Lawyers' Matters (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3227967

**2021**

- [3936876-006](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3936876-006) [mechanism/asserted] -- Self-custody of securities declined in prevalence after the Stock Market Crash of 1929 because investors recognized how inherently risky the bearer certificate system was.
  > Self-custody decreased in prevalence after the Stock Market Crash of 1929 when investors recognized how inherently risky this system was.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Hayley Howe, Custody of Digital Assets (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3936876

**2023**

- [4529715-014](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4529715-014) [failure/asserted] *(failure mode)* -- Some DAO governance platforms create more risk than they mitigate, and DAOs that are not well governed are doomed to fail.
  > However, some of these platforms can create more risk than they mitigate. DAOs that are not well-governed are doomed to fail.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Josh Bykowski, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAO) – A Market Meta Analysis (2023). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4529715

**2025**

- [5245185-008](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5245185-008) [failure/evidenced] *(failure mode)* -- AI autonomy introduces unpredictability: agent actions may diverge from intended outcomes, which amplifies the risk of unintended ramifications.
  > AI autonomy introduces unpredictability, wherein actions may diverge from intended outcomes, amplifying risks of unintended ramifications.
  Wulf A. Kaal, How can we Best Monitor AI Agents (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5245185

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/risk.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.