{
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 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/rule-gaming",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:rule-gaming",
 "name": "Rule gaming",
 "termCode": "rule-gaming",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
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 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782192-014",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782192-014",
   "text": "When the letter of the law becomes more important than the spirit of the law, internal competition for power makes the winning strategy to push behavior to the limit of what is acceptable.",
   "abstract": "When the letter of the law is more important than the spirit of the law, then internal competition for power within the hierarchy reveals the best strategy is to push your behavior to the limit of what is acceptable.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Introduction to Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782192",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "formal rule based governance inside a centralized hierarchy",
    "internal competition for power"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e7eafd56cb8a8bd15b64cf58216bb655f939bdcc296387e362fd9191976d67ae",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782214-017",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782214-017",
   "text": "The engineering assumption that such problems can be entirely avoided through perfect system design is naive: exceptions will always exist because business competition always seeks optimal solutions that sit at the limits of the rules.",
   "abstract": "The typical engineering attitude is that such problems can be entirely avoided with perfect system design. This is naïve. Exceptions will always exist. Business com- petition always seeks optimal solutions which occur at the limits of the rules of behav- ior.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralized Governance (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782214",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "competitive commercial environments"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "ba892bb200c1455447c0014f5067a501a93ea9ec413c31942d95952eb3bdfd9d",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782220-031",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782220-031",
   "text": "As an organization loses touch with its transcendental values, members use the rules to jockey for position in the hierarchy and corruption erodes the organization's effectiveness.",
   "abstract": "As an organization loses touch with its transcendental values, members use the rules to jockey for position in the hierarchy, and corruption erodes the effective- ness of the organization.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, The Importance of Transcendental Unifying Values for Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782220",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "organizations that have lost contact with their founding values"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "f0bf1e80c6da60a6f8ba20630562bdf1dab171ccb5267f497dc0b815113cde99",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'rule-gaming'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}