{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/rule-retraction",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:rule-retraction",
 "name": "Rule retraction",
 "termCode": "rule-retraction",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
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 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "value": 5
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   "value": [
    "2013",
    "2013"
   ]
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  }
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2273857-001",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2273857-001",
   "text": "Governance adjustments enacted via stable rules in reaction to financial crises are inevitably followed by relaxation, revision, and retraction of those rules.",
   "abstract": "Governance adjustments via stable rules in reaction to financial crises are inevitably followed by relaxation, revision, and retraction.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Dynamic Regulation of the Financial Services Industry (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2273857",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "applies to rules enacted as a reaction to financial crises"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e7cb3dea40593135acc99a9b00690138fe01020514ebf388f5140e1b0e59e82a",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2273857-031",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2273857-031",
   "text": "The regulatory expansion that follows crises inevitably leads to amendments, revisions, and retractions of the previously established rules.",
   "abstract": "The regulatory expansion that follows crises inevitably leads to amendments, revisions, and retractions of previously established rules.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Dynamic Regulation of the Financial Services Industry (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2273857",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "rules created during post-crisis regulatory expansion"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e7cb3dea40593135acc99a9b00690138fe01020514ebf388f5140e1b0e59e82a",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2273857-032",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2273857-032",
   "text": "Both the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Dodd-Frank Act were amended and revised, and some of their most controversial provisions were never enforced.",
   "abstract": "Both SOX and the Dodd-Frank Act were amended and revised. Some of their most controversial provisions were not enforced.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Dynamic Regulation of the Financial Services Industry (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2273857",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "United States federal securities and financial regulation"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e7cb3dea40593135acc99a9b00690138fe01020514ebf388f5140e1b0e59e82a",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2273857-035",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2273857-035",
   "text": "The SEC's failure to interpret Section 402 of Sarbanes-Oxley, while not a formal retraction, shows that Section 402 is another instance of politically motivated rulemaking that later has to be scaled back.",
   "abstract": "While not a formal retraction, the SEC's lack of interpretation underscores that section 402 provides another instance of politically motivated rulemaking that later has to be scaled back.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Dynamic Regulation of the Financial Services Industry (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2273857",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "rules enacted under post-crisis political pressure"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e7cb3dea40593135acc99a9b00690138fe01020514ebf388f5140e1b0e59e82a",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2273857-036",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2273857-036",
   "text": "The partial repeal of Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley through the Dodd-Frank Act illustrates that broad rules enacted during times of political expediency are often later retracted.",
   "abstract": "The partial repeal of section 404 of SOX70 via the Dodd-Frank Act is another example that illustrates how broad rules enacted during times of political expediency are often later retracted.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Dynamic Regulation of the Financial Services Industry (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2273857",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "broad rules enacted under political expediency"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e7cb3dea40593135acc99a9b00690138fe01020514ebf388f5140e1b0e59e82a",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "5 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'rule-retraction'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}