{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/s-curve",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:s-curve",
 "name": "S curve",
 "termCode": "s-curve",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "additionalProperty": [
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   "value": [
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808873-011",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808873-011",
   "text": "Centralization follows an S curve: in the expansion phase the benefits of centralizing power, capital and control rise faster than its costs, but in the decline phase the rising costs of centralization, including corruption, diseconomies of scale and cronyism, can no longer be offset, so centralized systems function less optimally and less efficiently.",
   "abstract": "Because of the increase in the cost of centralization, the benefits of centralization can no longer offset and outweigh the cost. As a result, centralized systems function less optimally and less efficiently.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization Neutralizers (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808873",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "centralized systems in business and society over their life cycle"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "f11493915e6b8c266d421510b5546816e33defb5650aac9d09b20d78549da727",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808873-012",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808873-012",
   "text": "Even where superior decentralized technological solutions exist, the centralized elements deeply engrained in business and society can be perpetuated by the efficiency gains of the S curve of centralization, so superiority alone does not displace them.",
   "abstract": "Despite the emergence of superior decentralized technological solutions that have been emerging at the beginning of the 21st century, the centralized elements in business and society can be perpetuated via the efficiency gains in the S-curve of centralization.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization Neutralizers (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808873",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "societies with deeply engrained centralized infrastructure such as legal systems and financial services"
   ],
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   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 's-curve'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}