{
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 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/science-centralization",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:science-centralization",
 "name": "Science centralization",
 "termCode": "science-centralization",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
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 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808852-002",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808852-002",
   "text": "Because the instruments of scientific development and research are themselves centralized, the scientific consensus they produce is naturally centralized as well.",
   "abstract": "The centralized nature of instruments of scientific development and research results in naturally centralized scientific consensus.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization and Feedback Effects (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808852",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "asserted",
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   "source_pdf_sha256": "31e91158fdeefebc2f0be54ebf89751f7cdd4c89ecea932888f5ba9be6b1caba",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808852-003",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808852-003",
   "text": "Journal publication incentives systematically bias the scientific record: journals prefer papers that reject the null hypothesis, use big datasets, and show big effect sizes, so significant findings failing those criteria may simply be ignored.",
   "abstract": "Scientific journals typically prefer to publish papers that reject the null hypothesis, use big datasets, and demonstrate big effect sizes. Significant findings that do not meet these criteria may simply be ignored.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization and Feedback Effects (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808852",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "applies to ranked scientific journals as the dominant publication channel"
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   "status": "current"
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808852-005",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808852-005",
   "text": "The centralization of scientific methods and output has produced suboptimal outcomes for society, as evidenced by widespread irreproducibility, by non-expert forecasters often outperforming experts, and by random stock selection outperforming expert selection.",
   "abstract": "Non-expert forecasters are often better than expert forecasters.2 Random selection of stocks can produce superior results in comparison with expert selection.3",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization and Feedback Effects (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808852",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
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   "source_pdf_sha256": "31e91158fdeefebc2f0be54ebf89751f7cdd4c89ecea932888f5ba9be6b1caba",
   "status": "current"
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 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'science-centralization'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}