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 "identifier": "kaal:entity:secure-proof-of-stake",
 "name": "Secure proof of stake",
 "termCode": "secure-proof-of-stake",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3931933-001",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3931933-001",
   "text": "In conventional Proof of Stake, selection probability for block rewards rises with stake and block rewards are constant regardless of node reputation, whereas in Secure Proof of Stake nodes with higher reputation have a higher probability of being selected for rewards.",
   "abstract": "In conventional PoS, the nodes with higher stake would have a higher probability of being selected for the block rewards. Block rewards are constant regardless of the node reputation. In SPoS, the nodes with higher reputation have a higher probability of being selected for the rewards.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Hybrid Secure Proof of Stake (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3931933",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "comparison of conventional PoS and SPoS reward selection"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3931933-004",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3931933-004",
   "text": "Because HSPoS supplements rather than replaces the consensus layer, an existing PoS consensus algorithm can be kept in operation while reputation is introduced through the reward function, permitting a gradual rather than abrupt transition to SPoS.",
   "abstract": "HSPoS enables a transitioning process in which traditional PoS consensus algorithms, can be used and maintained while being supplemented with SPoS characteristics and node reputation. This enables enhanced experimentation and allows a slow transitioning from PoS to SPoS.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Hybrid Secure Proof of Stake (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3931933",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "networks already running a traditional PoS consensus algorithm"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3931933-005",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3931933-005",
   "text": "Moving a network from PoS to SPoS should proceed by evolving the rewards mechanism in two steps through HSPoS, rather than by switching the consensus mechanism directly.",
   "abstract": "In order to move PoS towards SPoS (Secure Proof of Stake),2 this paper suggests evolving the rewards mechanism in two steps via HSPoS (Hybride Secure Proof of Stake).",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Hybrid Secure Proof of Stake (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3931933",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "networks seeking to adopt Secure Proof of Stake"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "55a71cdfceb96fadefba1f2fed9563b588825378c91aff644ee7faaccdf31204",
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 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'secure-proof-of-stake'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}