{
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 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/self-custody",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:self-custody",
 "name": "Self custody",
 "termCode": "self-custody",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "value": "derived"
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   "value": 6
  },
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  },
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   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2021",
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   ]
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  }
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808873-041",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808873-041",
   "text": "Usability is the most important decentralized infrastructure requirement: without intuitive graphic user interfaces, decentralized systems may not reach mainstream consumer adoption, because requiring users to manage public and private keys and their own security makes sufficient public education very difficult.",
   "abstract": "Without graphic user interfaces that are intuitive, decentralized systems may not be able to reach mainstream consumer adoption.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization Neutralizers (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808873",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "mainstream consumer adoption of decentralized protocols in daily life"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "f11493915e6b8c266d421510b5546816e33defb5650aac9d09b20d78549da727",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3936876-002",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3936876-002",
   "text": "The more digital assets are held by their owners in self-custody, the less likely intermediation by custody service providers becomes, so self-custody is the key driver of decentralization in emerging blockchain networks.",
   "abstract": "In other words, the more digital assets are held by their owners in self-custody, the less likely intermediation of custody service providers becomes.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Hayley Howe, Custody of Digital Assets (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3936876",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "holds for emerging blockchain networks",
    "assumes users are capable of securing their own keys"
   ],
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   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3936876-006",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3936876-006",
   "text": "Self-custody of securities declined in prevalence after the Stock Market Crash of 1929 because investors recognized how inherently risky the bearer certificate system was.",
   "abstract": "Self-custody decreased in prevalence after the Stock Market Crash of 1929 when investors recognized how inherently risky this system was.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Hayley Howe, Custody of Digital Assets (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3936876",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "United States securities markets before and after 1929"
   ],
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  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3936876-018",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3936876-018",
   "text": "The unprecedented growth rate of decentralized exchanges may be an early indicator of increasing reliance on decentralized self-custody by retail users, but mainstream institutional adoption of digital assets is unlikely to materialize through self-custody and DEXs.",
   "abstract": "If anything, the DEX growth rate may be an early indicator of increasing decentralized self-custody reliance by digital asset retail users. Mainstream institutional investor adoption of digital assets, in turn, may not materialize via self-custody and DEXs.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Hayley Howe, Custody of Digital Assets (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3936876",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "predictive",
   "confidence": "speculative",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "as of late 2020 and 2021 DEX growth",
    "distinguishes retail from institutional adoption"
   ],
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  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3936876-041",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3936876-041",
   "text": "Taking the realities of decentralization and decentralized self-custody seriously would require investment advisers to provide digital asset investment advice for a fee without ever taking custody of the assets.",
   "abstract": "The realities of decentralization and decentralized self-custody would require investment advisers to simply provide digital asset investment advice via fee without taking custody of digital assets.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Hayley Howe, Custody of Digital Assets (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3936876",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "investment advisers serving digital asset clients"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "9bc0903d01910460298e754c451f027df4324367359800a98ee8e638d94aff55",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4900878-038",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4900878-038",
   "text": "Guaranteeing users full ownership and control over their digital assets protects them from asset confiscation and from loss of purchasing power through currency devaluation, which matters most to individuals in regions with unstable financial systems.",
   "abstract": "By ensuring full ownership and control over digital assets, the VOW ecosystem protects users from asset confiscation and loss of purchasing power due to currency devaluation.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Quantum Economy and Tokenomics (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4900878",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "regions with unstable financial systems",
    "requires the user to retain full ownership and control of the assets"
   ],
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  }
 ],
 "description": "6 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'self-custody'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}