{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/shadow-activity",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:shadow-activity",
 "name": "Shadow activity",
 "termCode": "shadow-activity",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/shadow-activity.md",
 "sha256": "1920b10ee581828f364c6c25135e02dea66ad7b87083ab1a33f66ae45a1d4ec5",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
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   "value": 1
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2013",
    "2013"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2348463-024",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2348463-024",
   "text": "Form PF's systemic risk disclosure obligations were created, in a non-bankruptcy context, precisely to counteract the kind of shadow activity that is now resurfacing in bankruptcy under Revised Rule 2019.",
   "abstract": "Systemic risk disclosure obligations in Form PF were created, albeit in a different context than bankruptcy, to circumvent the very shadow activities that appear to be resurfacing in the bankruptcy context under Revised Rule 2019.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Hedge Funds’ Systemic Risk Disclosures in Bankruptcy (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2348463",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "b3682f24c0b277b3307fb9f54cd17a4e0a87b48eecba34b40e189212f20c9a22",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2348463-026",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2348463-026",
   "text": "Hedge fund adviser registration and disclosure requirements under Title IV and the SEC implementation rules were instituted for the opposite reason: to stop hedge funds from operating in the shadows of financial markets.",
   "abstract": "hedge fund adviser registration and disclosure requirements under Title IV and SEC implementation rules were instituted to avoid hedge funds operating in the shadows of financial markets.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Hedge Funds’ Systemic Risk Disclosures in Bankruptcy (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2348463",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "b3682f24c0b277b3307fb9f54cd17a4e0a87b48eecba34b40e189212f20c9a22",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'shadow-activity'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}