{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/social-media",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:social-media",
 "name": "Social media",
 "termCode": "social-media",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/social-media.md",
 "sha256": "60097b202bffa36d69b0dd4b878e8b4e1c188753e48d2bcb93a23bcd4652cc60",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 10
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 5
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2017",
    "2024"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-021",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-021",
   "text": "Despite the obvious benefits of technology applications in corporate governance, the technological revolution has not yet produced wide acceptance of unmediated or decentralized corporate governance structures and practices.",
   "abstract": "the technological revolution has not yet precipitated a wide acceptance of more unmediated/decentralized corporate governance structures and practices.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "as of 2017"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "fa4e986917d437cb1504281e7b986be2698e9507d8feaf426c9d7d1754ca882c",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-022",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-022",
   "text": "Only seven percent of the 250 leading companies on the Forbes Global 2000 list have a CEO who is personally active and connected on Twitter.",
   "abstract": "Global 2000 list79 shows that only seven percent have a CEO who is personally active and connected on Twitter.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "250 leading companies on the Forbes Global 2000 list, data as of 2017"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "fa4e986917d437cb1504281e7b986be2698e9507d8feaf426c9d7d1754ca882c",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-028",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-028",
   "text": "Unmediated corporate communications generate real-time feedback for executives, because social media platforms return instant crowd reactions in the form of comments, likes, and shares that can be measured and acted on.",
   "abstract": "Unmediated corporate communications create real-time feedback for corporate executives. Social media platforms enable instant feedback from the crowd, often in the form of comments, likes, and shares.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "fa4e986917d437cb1504281e7b986be2698e9507d8feaf426c9d7d1754ca882c",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-029",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-029",
   "text": "Corporate lawyers and governance experts still discourage executives from communicating in a personalized, speech-like way, particularly on social media, out of fear of market misunderstanding and subsequent liability.",
   "abstract": "Corporate lawyers and corporate governance experts currently still discourage a more personalized and speech-like way of communicating for corporate executives.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "current advisory practice as of 2017"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "fa4e986917d437cb1504281e7b986be2698e9507d8feaf426c9d7d1754ca882c",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782198-001",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782198-001",
   "text": "Social media platform owners do not know and cannot choose which content will matter; the answers are held in the behavior of the network of users, and the companies merely monitor network transactions and analyze them statistically with automated algorithms.",
   "abstract": "The network of users has the answers in their members' behavior. The social media companies simply monitor the networks' transactions and statistically analyze the information with automated algorithms.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Contemporary Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782198",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "applies to Web 2.0 platforms whose value derives from user generated content and behavior"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e7e1378e3eed06cace6534e7792a7307d607d18bc6beb4ac45896476280728e4",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782198-002",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782198-002",
   "text": "Rapid movement of edge knowledge into the mainstream via social media is not costless: it can dissolve existing societal consensus, social cohesion among established groups, and order in the process.",
   "abstract": "Similarly, knowledge and views from the edges of society can be moved into societal mainstream very quickly via social media. This transfer can remove existing societal consensus, social cohesion among established groups, and order in the process.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Contemporary Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782198",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e7e1378e3eed06cace6534e7792a7307d607d18bc6beb4ac45896476280728e4",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782198-003",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782198-003",
   "text": "The social media coordination function remains largely flawed and corruptible because the incentive design underlying social proof is suboptimal.",
   "abstract": "However, because the incentive design for social proof is suboptimal, the social media coordination function is still largely flawed and corruptible.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Contemporary Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782198",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "applies to platform ratings, reviews, and social proof mechanisms under centralized ownership"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e7e1378e3eed06cace6534e7792a7307d607d18bc6beb4ac45896476280728e4",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808852-040",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808852-040",
   "text": "Because social media can move knowledge and views from the edges of society into the mainstream very quickly, this transfer can remove existing societal consensus, social cohesion among established groups, and order in the process.",
   "abstract": "Similarly, knowledge and views from the edges of society can be moved into societal mainstream very quickly via social media. This transfer can remove existing societal consensus, social cohesion among established groups, and order in the process.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization and Feedback Effects (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808852",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "31e91158fdeefebc2f0be54ebf89751f7cdd4c89ecea932888f5ba9be6b1caba",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808859-007",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808859-007",
   "text": "Social media transfers knowledge from the edges of society into the mainstream by letting holders of marginalized views find kindred spirits, form groups, and incrementally grow influence until their perspective becomes mainstream, shifting the balance of power from a few to the masses.",
   "abstract": "Social media allows people who hold otherwise marginalized or underappreciated views to meet kindred spirits online and form groups that promote their shared ideas.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization – Why We Need Technology Infrastructure Upgrades (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808859",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "304ad25d43b5ecea3158e3a2ca04e6e1e3bd2958e2134e2dcefbfedf3b6f3ab7",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4957318-007",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4957318-007",
   "text": "Web2 platform architecture is a causal contributor to distrust in legal institutions: centralized models driven by engagement metrics prioritize sensationalism over nuanced discourse, which accelerates misinformation and echo chambers and magnifies public distrust.",
   "abstract": "This design incentivizes the rapid spread of both information and misinformation, often amplifying extreme viewpoints and fostering echo chambers. As a result, these platforms can magnify public distrust in legal institutions",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, The Future of Law - Dynamic Web3 Governance (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4957318",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "centralized, engagement optimized social media platforms",
    "where citizens use social media as a substitute for formal legal channels"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "137fb77eb82111a85f0ab5581926f762a7414ae84aaf3d56e8299db670e0e0c1",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "10 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'social-media'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}