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 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/soulbound-tokens",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:soulbound-tokens",
 "name": "Soulbound tokens",
 "termCode": "soulbound-tokens",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5454054-021",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5454054-021",
   "text": "Making LER rewards utility-only and non-transferable, in the manner of soulbound tokens, is what keeps them functioning as loyalty incentives rather than speculative assets and is what aligns them with MiCA and SEC exemptions.",
   "abstract": "Second, LER voucher rewards are utility-only and non-transferable, similar to soulbound tokens (SBTs). This ensures they function as voucher loyalty incentives rather than speculative assets, thus aligning with regulatory exemptions under MiCA and SEC frameworks.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Liquid Equity Rewards (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5454054",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "rewards issued as non-transferable credits or soulbound tokens"
   ],
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5583610-006",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5583610-006",
   "text": "LER is a two-tiered architecture: registered off-chain shareholders receive redeemable vouchers, while on-chain holders receive programmable, non-transferable reward units such as soulbound tokens anchored to specific wallet addresses.",
   "abstract": "LER can be viewed as a clever, two-tiered system that uses blockchain technology to provide shareholders with simple, non-speculative benefits across both regular (off-chain) and tokenized (on-chain) stocks.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Liquid Equity Rewards in Corporate America (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5583610",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "off-chain registered equity and on-chain tokenized equity coexist"
   ],
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   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5583610-028",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5583610-028",
   "text": "Soulbound tokens are load bearing for the design: because they are non-transferable and bound to a specific individual, the reward can only motivate cooperation and cannot be resold for speculative gain.",
   "abstract": "Much like a personalized membership card that cannot be sold or given away, SBTs ensure the rewards focus on encouraging cooperation rather than speculative gain.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Liquid Equity Rewards in Corporate America (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5583610",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "on-chain tier of the LER architecture"
   ],
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/6244278-009",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:6244278-009",
   "text": "Non-transferability of reputation is essential because, in Akerlof's lemons terms, a transferable reputation market would let capital-rich but competence-poor actors purchase reputation and thereby destroy the signal's informational content.",
   "abstract": "In the language of Akerlof's lemons analysis, non-transferability prevents the emergence of a market in which capital-rich but competence-poor actors purchase reputation, undermining the signal's informational content.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, AI's Mother's Instinct Engineered Consequence Emergent Ethics and the Institutional Trajectory Toward Agentic Alignment (2026). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=6244278",
   "datePublished": "2026",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "requires soulbound or agent-bound credentials tied to persistent identities"
   ],
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  }
 ],
 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'soulbound-tokens'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}