# Sp500

`kaal:entity:sp500`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 2 claims that carry the concept tag `sp500`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

2 claims across 1 works, 2017 to 2017.

**2017**

- [2922176-016](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-016) [empirical/evidenced] -- Ten of the thirteen S&P 500 companies with above-average revenue growth over the 2012 to 2016 period had never paid a dividend and had never engaged in share buybacks.
  > Figure 2 shows that ten out of the thirteen S&P 500 with an above-average revenue growth have never paid any dividends to their shareholders and were never engaged in share buyback activities.
  Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176
- [2922176-032](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-032) [empirical/evidenced] -- Forty-five percent of directors at the thirteen S&P 500 companies with above-average revenue growth over the last five years are feedback providers who make board decisions more data-driven.
  > Almost half of the board of directors (45%) in the thirteen S&P 500 companies that showed an above average revenue growth over the last five years are "feedback providers" who make board decisions more data-driven.
  Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/sp500.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.