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 "name": "Standard setting",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1558614-005",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1558614-005",
   "text": "Law generally declines to adopt a general principle barring managers from incurring risk above a defined standard because such a standard is hard to define; corporate law instead insulates managers' risk decisions through the business judgment rule.",
   "abstract": "The law does not do so in most instances because defining such a stan- dard is difficult. Corporate law instead protects the risk decisions of bank managers from challenge through a concept known as the \"business judgment rule.\"",
   "citation": "Painter and Kaal, Initial Reflections on an Evolving Standard Constraints on Risk Taking by Directors and Officers in (2010). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1558614",
   "datePublished": "2010",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "outside the scope of rules that constrain specific named types of risk"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3709041-026",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3709041-026",
   "text": "Regulating centralized technology conglomerates addresses only part of the problem, because even fully regulated conglomerates retain the power to set standards and norms for emerging technologies that government cannot effectively trace.",
   "abstract": "Even if fully regulated, centralized technology conglomerates still have the power to set standards and norms for emerging technologies that government cannot effectively trace.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Blockchain Technology for Good (2020). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3709041",
   "datePublished": "2020",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808867-022",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808867-022",
   "text": "Regulating centralized technology conglomerates addresses only part of the problem, because even fully regulated conglomerates retain the power to set standards and norms for emerging technologies that government cannot effectively trace; microdemocratic decision making can set such standards outside their control metrics.",
   "abstract": "Even if fully regulated, centralized technology conglomerates still have the power to set standards and norms for emerging technologies that government cannot effectively trace.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, How Decentralized Systems Can Upgrade AI (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808867",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "centralized technology conglomerates that increasingly act like governments"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3949098-031",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3949098-031",
   "text": "Once its market position is solidified, the DAOIC could mandate that each token opportunity adopt decentralized governance mechanisms before the DAOIC begins reputation staking on it, using its market power to force governance reform.",
   "abstract": "It is conceivable that the DAOIC, over time, once its position in the market has been solidified, mandates the adoption of decentralized governance mechanisms (Calcaterra & Kaal et al (2019) for the governance of each token opportunity",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Reputation as Capital – How DAOs Upgrade Finance (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3949098",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "predictive",
   "confidence": "speculative",
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3995709-031",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3995709-031",
   "text": "By creating a compendium of reviews, the CRDAO generates common code review standards that legacy code review environments lack, and reviewing under a shared set of standards aligns reviewers and the collective on expectations for functionality and quality outcomes.",
   "abstract": "The CRDAO also fills the void left in legacy reviews without common standards. The CRDAO creates a compendium of reviews and through it a common standards for code reviews that are otherwise lacking in legacy code review environments.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, How DAOs Optimize Open-Source Code Reviews and Create Open-Source Standards (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3995709",
   "datePublished": "2021",
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4033886-040",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4033886-040",
   "text": "Uniform digital asset valuation standards can only evolve over time as the market evolves, because standard setting requires common core practices, and those practices are only slowly emerging.",
   "abstract": "Such standards can evolve over time as the market evolves. Standard setting requires common core practices what are slowly evolving.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Samuel Evans, Hayley Howe, Digital Asset Valuation (2022). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4033886",
   "datePublished": "2022",
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   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5887242-038",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5887242-038",
   "text": "Existing rulemaking bodies are financially compromised at the source: legislatures depend on taxation or political patronage, and private standard-setting bodies depend on dues, sponsorships or foundation grants that create capture risks.",
   "abstract": "Legislative bodies are funded by taxation or political patronage. Private standard-setting bodies rely on dues, sponsorships, or foundation grants that create capture risks.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, The UDLC DAO Operationalizing a Continuously Evolving Universal Digital Law Codex Through Weighted (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5887242",
   "datePublished": "2025",
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 "description": "7 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'standard-setting'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}