{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/standstill-agreements",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:standstill-agreements",
 "name": "Standstill agreements",
 "termCode": "standstill-agreements",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3017612-028",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3017612-028",
   "text": "Standstill agreements defraud shareholders who are not parties to them in two distinct ways: by violating the shareholder's right to the best available merger or transaction and by discouraging unsolicited tender offers in which a significant control premium could be realized.",
   "abstract": "standstill agreements defraud shareholders not privy to the agreement in two ways: (1) by violating a shareholder's right to the best available merger or transaction, and (2) by discouraging unsolicited tender offers where a significant control premium can be realized.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Shareholder Agreements - National Report of the United States of America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3017612",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "standstill agreements binding only some shareholders",
    "applying the Schreiber v. Carney definition of fraud"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "33821db406f92efbe1698fbaed37687595c13b7ce5463b4a879df679fd4af1ac",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3017612-029",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3017612-029",
   "text": "Standstill agreements entrench management and can lead a company into stagnation, so they may operate prejudicially on shareholders' property rights.",
   "abstract": "These agreements tend to entrench management and can lead to stagnation for the company, so they sometimes \"operate prejudicially upon\" shareholders' property rights.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Shareholder Agreements - National Report of the United States of America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3017612",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "standstill agreements restricting voting"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "33821db406f92efbe1698fbaed37687595c13b7ce5463b4a879df679fd4af1ac",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'standstill-agreements'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}