{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/startups",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:startups",
 "name": "Startups",
 "termCode": "startups",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/startups.md",
 "sha256": "519068980d5d557544025974ceba8337b2c0bec6a959c34f8abea7acbecf20ce",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
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   "value": [
    "2019",
    "2021"
   ]
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  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3411110-008",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3411110-008",
   "text": "The compliance burden attached to operating an alternative trading system, including fees, consumer protection, examination, and books and records requirements, is typically cost prohibitive for startups.",
   "abstract": "ATS compliance costs are typically cost prohibitive for startups.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Samuel Evans, Blockchain-Based Securities Offerings (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3411110",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "startup firms seeking to operate an ATS",
    "SEC and FINRA compliance regime"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "c7626eeb7642045b79f8745df1f7232a8fe8bc44a1f7e87b592850e35b392b50",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782198-019",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782198-019",
   "text": "The success of the open source movement itself creates a vulnerability: major corporations can pressure smaller projects to reveal their code, then take it and exploit the work more profitably than the startup can.",
   "abstract": "Another problem is that the very success of the open source move- ment allows major corporations to pressure smaller projects to reveal their code, then take it and use their power to exploit the work more profitably than the startup.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Contemporary Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782198",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "applies to small open source projects competing with resource rich incumbents"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e7e1378e3eed06cace6534e7792a7307d607d18bc6beb4ac45896476280728e4",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'startups'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}