{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/stock-options",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:stock-options",
 "name": "Stock options",
 "termCode": "stock-options",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "sha256": "3adff1641ed419364aaa8b7d4f88e5ce68dfc7aeee4027bf3611fa17ea595351",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
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   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
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   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2012",
    "2017"
   ]
  },
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  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2097160-025",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2097160-025",
   "text": "Replacing stock options with contingent convertible bonds both lowers total executive compensation and disincentivizes short-termism and the executive focus on quarterly stock price performance.",
   "abstract": "If stock options are replaced with CCBs, not only would the total compensation for executives be lowered; short-termism and executives' focus on quarterly stock price performance would also be disincentivized.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Contingent Capital in Executive Compensation (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2097160",
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "contingent convertible bonds substitute for equity-based compensation rather than adding to it"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "1e1f8aa246bce19f4658dbceb455c7c2a272aa5d63a9e9bdaa46a3a5a87680fc",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2957645-023",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2957645-023",
   "text": "Where conversion has a negative effect on stock price, management is further incentivized to maintain and manage risk in order to avoid reputational loss and the income reduction caused by losses in stock options.",
   "abstract": "In situations where conversion had a negative effect on stock price,49 management could be incentivized further to maintain and manage risk to avoid reputational loss and income reduction due to losses in stock",
   "citation": "Kaal, Dynamic Regulation via Contingent Capital (2017). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2957645",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "conversion depresses the issuer's stock price",
    "management compensation includes stock options"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "250b10782a5ea5dece9235a7f711aee408feaf36f2e78e310d589b5ee6304be2",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'stock-options'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}