{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/stock-volatility",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:stock-volatility",
 "name": "Stock volatility",
 "termCode": "stock-volatility",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "subjectOf": [
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5454054-010",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5454054-010",
   "text": "LER reduces stock price volatility because ongoing consumption-based voucher rewards give shareholders a reason to hold rather than sell, which stabilizes demand for the issuer's stock.",
   "abstract": "LER counteracts selling pressure by offering ongoing consumption-based voucher rewards that incentivize shareholders to retain their investments over the long term. This retention effect stabilizes demand for the company's stock, resulting in lower price fluctuations",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Liquid Equity Rewards (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5454054",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "listed companies adopting LER",
    "shareholders who would otherwise sell to realize gains or meet liquidity needs"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "9f53a865e6f0e5424640779df8f9b50923cd7d05649301dd4cc727144749b6e6",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5583610-024",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5583610-024",
   "text": "Activist tactics including short selling, public media campaigns, and strategic leaks amplify stock price volatility between annual meetings, exploiting market sentiment and pushing retail holders into selling that deepens the price decline.",
   "abstract": "Activist investors often amplify stock price volatility between annual meetings. Such stock price volatility may derive from activist investors' tactics such as short-selling, public media campaigns, or strategic leaks.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Liquid Equity Rewards in Corporate America (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5583610",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "intervals between annual shareholder meetings",
    "activist campaign underway"
   ],
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   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'stock-volatility'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}