{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/supply-chain",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:supply-chain",
 "name": "Supply chain",
 "termCode": "supply-chain",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/supply-chain.md",
 "sha256": "f8f53bae2dbe7fb692934e835939767207ce32888776ff07a7e788f1a9750ffe",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 4
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 4
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2020",
    "2021"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3709041-034",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3709041-034",
   "text": "A distributed ledger of food origin and production methods would benefit not only consumers tracing food origin but would also help ensure the fair and sustainable treatment of food producers around the globe.",
   "abstract": "The ledger could not only benefit consumers of food to trace the food origin but also can help ensure the fair and sustainable treatment of producers of foods around the globe.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Blockchain Technology for Good (2020). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3709041",
   "datePublished": "2020",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "most effective if integrated into the existing supply chain"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "5216a7bca45a48e3bef11ec524936e66af737c0fd66271e9f6866dc20a4482cc",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782201-001",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782201-001",
   "text": "Contrary to criticism that blockchains are designed to dodge regulation, the authors argue the actual goal of decentralized supply chain recording is effective, efficient, adaptive regulation that ultimately exceeds the current level of oversight.",
   "abstract": "Contrary to the criticisms that have been lobbed against blockchains as being designed to dodge regulation, the actual goal is to ensure effective, efficient, adaptive regulation in a truly decentralized manner, ul- timately exceeding the current level of oversight.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Future of Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782201",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "normative",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "bedf7bcfbb7a9b0112b5848cb0d941b1d41f330dafeee0143a30ff5e8aa53700",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782203-025",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782203-025",
   "text": "A Code is Law assumption remains necessary for machine-scale commerce, because the multiplicity of options in a dynamically changing market demands instantaneous legal enforcement without waiting for a centralized human response.",
   "abstract": "The multiplicity of options in a dynamically changing market demands instantaneous legal enforce- ment without waiting for a centralized response of human interjection.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, A Technical Perspective on Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782203",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "AI enabled IoT devices contracting across supply chains",
    "high frequency automated business interactions"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "ab8a22d0dbb026a09212a4c85963f3c05787cf80775e8613ae3724e3883e7a56",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3981021-011",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3981021-011",
   "text": "Distributed ledger technologies are particularly capable of increasing trust among charitable organizations, sponsors, and beneficiaries, because the technology enables real time tracking of the donation supply chain.",
   "abstract": "Distributed ledger technologies (DLT) are particularly capable of increasing trust between charitable organizations, sponsors, and beneficiaries. The technology enables real-time tracking of the donation supply chain.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, How Decentralized Autonomous Organizations Optimize Charitable Giving (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3981021",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "charitable donation flows recorded on distributed ledgers"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "9d8bc78d119c780c96c89ce3e820f4ac8b037d39b3ade59feb4e40d46b048288",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'supply-chain'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}