# Tamper detection

`kaal:entity:tamper-detection`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 3 claims that carry the concept tag `tamper-detection`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

3 claims across 3 works, 2017 to 2018.

**2017**

- [2959730-020](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2959730-020) [mechanism/argued] -- Cryptographic hashing makes blockchain manipulation immediately detectable because the hash incorporates all previous transactions, so that even a single digit change produces a different hash value.
  > The smallest change to the blockchain, even a single digit/value, results in a different hash value. A different hash value makes any form of manipulation immediately detectable.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Applications and Fee Structure Developments in Private Investment Funds (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2959730
- [3071378-005](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3071378-005) [mechanism/argued] -- Because each new block's hash value is generated from all previous transactions, the smallest change to the blockchain produces a different hash value, which makes any form of manipulation immediately detectable.
  > smallest change to the blockchain, even a single digit/value, results in a different hash value. A different hash value makes any form of manipulation immediately detectable.37
  Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Technology and Race in Corporate America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3071378

**2018**

- [3227933-015](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3227933-015) [mechanism/argued] -- Cryptographic hashing makes tampering detectable because even a minuscule change to the blockchain produces a different hash value, which other participants can observe instantly.
  > The result of this combination of technologies is that even a minuscule change to the blockchain will result in a different hash value, making manipulation instantly and readily detectable by other participants.
  Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, Why 'Blockchain' Will Disrupt Corporate Organizations (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3227933

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/tamper-detection.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.