# Technological change

`kaal:entity:technological-change`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 5 claims that carry the concept tag `technological-change`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

5 claims across 4 works, 2017 to 2025.

**2017**

- [2922176-018](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-018) [empirical/argued] -- Society is moving from a centralized infrastructure to a decentralized, unmediated, and interconnected one, and from vertical hierarchies to horizontal, open, and autonomous networks; this transition, not the short-term versus long-term debate, is the relevant frame for corporate governance.
  > Society is transitioning from a centralized infrastructure to a decentralized, unmediated, and interconnected infrastructure, from a world of vertical hierarchies to a world of horizontal, open, and autonomous networks.
  Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176

**2018**

- [3227933-002](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3227933-002) [mechanism/argued] -- Earlier technological revolutions produced greater organizational centralization, because societies responded to the uncertain meaning, effects, and risks of new technology by pooling authority; the current digital transformation reverses this pattern.
  > Previous technological revolutions led to a concentration of such organizations, as society adapted to the uncertain meaning, effects, and risks of technological change by pooling (i.e., centralizing) authority.
  Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, Why 'Blockchain' Will Disrupt Corporate Organizations (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3227933

**2024**

- [4900880-023](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4900880-023) [condition/evidenced] -- Workplace trust is a condition for technological change to empower employees: a one percentage point rise in technological change is associated with a 0.23 percentage point rise in perceived empowerment where trust exists, against only 0.10 percentage points where it does not.
  > A one percentage point rise in technological change is associated with a 0.23 percentage point rise in perceived empowerment in workplaces with trust, compared to only a 0.10 percentage point rise in workplaces without much trust.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Quantum Economy and the Future of Work (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4900880
- [4900880-024](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4900880-024) [empirical/evidenced] -- Contrary to expectation, employees whose managers behave more like a boss than like a partner tend to benefit more from technological change, so a participative management style is not a precondition for workers to gain from new technology.
  > Contrary to expectations, employees with managers who behave more as a "boss" than a "partner" tend to benefit more from technological change.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Quantum Economy and the Future of Work (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4900880

**2025**

- [5886442-014](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5886442-014) [mechanism/argued] -- Contesting the continuity view, the author argues that AI2AI is not a case of technological progress shifting the production possibility frontier outward as steam, electricity and the internet did, because those earlier shifts expanded the feasible set while preserving scarcity as the defining condition.
  > This is not simply a case of technological progress shifting the production-possibility frontier outward, as occurred with steam, electricity, or the internet. Those earlier shifts expanded the feasible set while preserving scarcity as the defining condition.
  Wulf A. Kaal, The AI-to-AI Economy and the Collapse of Anthropocentric Economic Theory (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5886442

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/technological-change.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.