# Token models `kaal:entity:token-models` **Status.** derived This node is assembled mechanically from the 7 claims that carry the concept tag `token-models`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself. ## Every claim under this term 7 claims across 4 works, 2018 to 2024. **2018** - [3249860-002](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3249860-002) [condition/asserted] -- Any survey of token models is necessarily incomplete, because the economic experimentation inherent in crypto-economics continuously generates new token models and incentive designs. > Because the economic experimentation inherent in crypto- economics continuously generates new token models and incentive designs for tokens, the token model examination herein is naturally incomplete. Wulf A. Kaal, Crypto Economics - The Top 100 Token Models Compared (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3249860 - [3249860-023](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3249860-023) [empirical/evidenced] -- Among the top 100 tokens, currency and utility models are the most common, USDT is the only purely Stablecoin token, Steem and Maker are both Stablecoin and utility, and only four tokens are asset-backed. > Of the top 100 tokens, currency and utility tokens were seen most commonly. USDT was the only purely Stablecoin token; two tokens (Steem and Maker) were characterized as both Stablecoin and utility. Bytom, DigiByte, Syscoin, and Salt are asset-backed. Wulf A. Kaal, Crypto Economics - The Top 100 Token Models Compared (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3249860 - [3249860-025](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3249860-025) [failure/evidenced] *(failure mode)* -- Seven of the top 100 tokens could not be classified into any token model, with NEM, VeChain, ICON, and Lisk qualifying as outliers with no justification and SUB's whitepaper failing to disclose which model best describes the token. > Seven tokens were outliers. NEO is a network enabling creation of asset-backed smart contracts.18 NEM, VeChain, ICON, Lisk were outliers with no justification. It was not clear in the whitepaper of SUB what token model type best describes the token. Wulf A. Kaal, Crypto Economics - The Top 100 Token Models Compared (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3249860 **2019** - [3396522-022](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3396522-022) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Capping token supply, the dominant design choice in early cryptocurrency projects, is self defeating: fixing supply removes the core policy tool, minting additional tokens, that would otherwise address overvaluation, excessive speculation, market frenzy, and irrational exuberance. > In fact, fixing token supply removes the core policy tool, minting of additional tokens to increase supply, intended to address overvaluation, speculation, market frenzy and irrational exuberance. Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Vadhindran K. Rao, Stable Cryptocurrencies (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3396522 **2022** - [4033886-038](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4033886-038) [predictive/speculative] -- As the cryptocurrency market matures, inflationary token models may become more popular, because they permit stability mechanisms and therefore more experimentation with volatility mitigation. > Several indicia seem to suggest that as the cryptocurrency market matures, inflationary token models may continue to become more popular. Inflationary token models allow the use of stability mechanisms, which may allow more experimentation with volatility mitigation. Wulf A. Kaal, Samuel Evans, Hayley Howe, Digital Asset Valuation (2022). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4033886 **2024** - [4900880-017](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4900880-017) [design/asserted] -- The integration of tokenomics with quantum economics turns the abstract concepts of the framework into working mechanisms, supplying practical instruments for decentralized finance and participatory governance. > The integration of tokenomics with quantum economics operationalizes these abstract concepts, offering practical mechanisms for decentralized finance (DeFi) and participatory governance models. Wulf A. Kaal, Quantum Economy and the Future of Work (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4900880 - [4900880-038](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4900880-038) [design/asserted] -- Compensation inside a DAO can be programmed to pay out automatically against predefined criteria such as task completion, performance metrics, or contribution, which cuts administrative overhead and makes distribution timely and consistent. > Compensation can be programmed to be distributed automatically based on predefined criteria, such as task completion, performance metrics, or contribution to the organization. This automation reduces administrative overhead and ensures timely and fair distribution of rewards. Wulf A. Kaal, Quantum Economy and the Future of Work (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4900880 ## Verify Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust. curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/token-models.md | sha256sum **Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.