{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/token-staking",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:token-staking",
 "name": "Token staking",
 "termCode": "token-staking",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/token-staking.md",
 "sha256": "e77a3cf5a1a2886284406da8c96c9e672a86deb90cb37da32acac1aea53e12c5",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 3
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2019",
    "2021"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3396542-009",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3396542-009",
   "text": "The design requires underwriters to stake or encumber tokens against each policy they underwrite, and those encumbered tokens serve to secure the underwriters' promises.",
   "abstract": "Fourth, the design requires the underwriters to \"stake\" or \"encumber\" an appropriate number of tokens against each policy they underwrite. These tokens in effect serve to secure the promises of the underwriters.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Vadhindran K. Rao, Decentralized Underwriting (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3396542",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "ce2bda03a0b788ea3e7747f02c3c351ef7c808a41150d5cda34767bbe98800c0",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3396542-010",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3396542-010",
   "text": "The number of tokens an underwriter must encumber is set by a preset formula whose objective is to make the value of the encumbered tokens sufficient to meet any claim arising at any point in the policy's life.",
   "abstract": "The number of tokens to be encumbered is based on a preset formula with the objective of ensuring that the value of the encumbered tokens is sufficient to meet any claims that may arise at any point in the life of the policy.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Vadhindran K. Rao, Decentralized Underwriting (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3396542",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "ce2bda03a0b788ea3e7747f02c3c351ef7c808a41150d5cda34767bbe98800c0",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3981021-029",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3981021-029",
   "text": "Reputation staking avoids the corruptive effects of fungible token staking because non fungible reputation has to be built organically through merit and time, needs to be earned, and cannot be bought.",
   "abstract": "Second, the reputation staking design avoid the corruptive effects of fungible token staking because non-fungible reputation has to be built organically through merit and time, it needs to be earned and cannot be bought.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, How Decentralized Autonomous Organizations Optimize Charitable Giving (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3981021",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "governance systems using non transferable reputation"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "9d8bc78d119c780c96c89ce3e820f4ac8b037d39b3ade59feb4e40d46b048288",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'token-staking'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}