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 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/top-down-regulation",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:top-down-regulation",
 "name": "Top down regulation",
 "termCode": "top-down-regulation",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
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   "value": [
    "2013",
    "2017"
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/kaal-2013-acomparativeperspectiveo-025",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:kaal-2013-acomparativeperspectiveo-025",
   "text": "The common denominator between the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, and other reform proposals is a top down regulatory approach of direct regulatory intervention with stable and supposedly optimal rules.",
   "abstract": "a noteworthy common denominator between SOX and Dodd-Frank and other reform proposals is the use of a top down regulatory approach, i.e. direct regulatory intervention with stable and supposedly optimal rules.",
   "citation": "Kaal, A Comparative Perspective on the Limitations of the Duty of Oversight – A Comment on Lisa Fairfax (2013)",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "United States corporate governance reform since 2002"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "ac5c955fe01209c54c78c4575c0b8bf570e5f1259c3f855510697cf51a32e59a",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/kaal-2013-acomparativeperspectiveo-027",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:kaal-2013-acomparativeperspectiveo-027",
   "text": "Governance adjustments are often enacted merely to address the problem perceived in the given market environment and the then existing economic conditions, without regard to possible future developments.",
   "abstract": "Governance adjustments are often enacted merely to address the then perceived problem in the given market environment and in the then existing economic conditions, without regard to possible future developments.",
   "citation": "Kaal, A Comparative Perspective on the Limitations of the Duty of Oversight – A Comment on Lisa Fairfax (2013)",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "crisis driven governance reform"
   ],
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   "status": "current"
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   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/kaal-2013-acomparativeperspectiveo-028",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:kaal-2013-acomparativeperspectiveo-028",
   "text": "Following enactment, governance adjustments are often later repealed or diluted, and anticipation of future developments plays no significant role in the top down approach to regulation.",
   "abstract": "Worse yet, following the enactment, governance adjustments are often later repealed or diluted. 41 Anticipation of future developments and pre-emption of possible future crises does not play a significant role in the top down approach to",
   "citation": "Kaal, A Comparative Perspective on the Limitations of the Duty of Oversight – A Comment on Lisa Fairfax (2013)",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "top down regulatory approach"
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   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-009",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-009",
   "text": "Top-down corporate governance reform measures rarely, if ever, produce genuine change in the governance or culture of firms, and are commonly met with indifference, skepticism, or hostility from management.",
   "abstract": "In practice, top- down corporate governance reform measures rarely, if ever, result in a genuine change in the governance and culture of firms.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "listed companies and their governance experts"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "fa4e986917d437cb1504281e7b986be2698e9507d8feaf426c9d7d1754ca882c",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'top-down-regulation'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}