{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/ucc",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:ucc",
 "name": "Ucc",
 "termCode": "ucc",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "sha256": "8fc540feb72c30fb8b8393e36d4068c0572f3fa220776def1ea5688970451d73",
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  },
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   "value": 3
  },
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   "value": 3
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2019",
    "2025"
   ]
  },
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  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3411110-023",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3411110-023",
   "text": "Digital securities are not recognized under any state's current commercial law, which matters because that recognition governs margining and the pledging of securities as collateral.",
   "abstract": "The lack of recognition of \"digital\" securities under any state's current commercial law,51 which is relevant for margin / pledging securities as collateral",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Samuel Evans, Blockchain-Based Securities Offerings (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3411110",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "state commercial law as codified in the UCC"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "c7626eeb7642045b79f8745df1f7232a8fe8bc44a1f7e87b592850e35b392b50",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5554218-008",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5554218-008",
   "text": "The adaptability of common law to smart contracts is strained when the coded mechanism itself violates a legal norm, as with smart contracts that enable automatic collateral repossession contrary to the Uniform Commercial Code's restrictions on strict foreclosure.",
   "abstract": "However, this adaptability is strained when smart contracts, such as those enabling automatic collateral repossession, violate legal norms like the UCC's restrictions on strict foreclosure.",
   "citation": "Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) Building the Legal Infrastructure for the Digital Era (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5554218",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "smart contracts automating self help remedies",
    "United States secured transactions law under the UCC"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "55738b4035a91b70aa2ddaa127552fe4b373ec641afee2719fbdcabebdcbea44",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5887242-004",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5887242-004",
   "text": "Private codifications such as the Uniform Commercial Code and INCOTERMS remain static texts that can be amended only through protracted, committee-driven processes, and those processes inevitably favor incumbents and territorial interests.",
   "abstract": "Private codifications, from the Uniform Commercial Code to INCOTERMS, remain static texts amended only through protracted, committee-driven processes that inevitably favor incumbents and territorial interests.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, The UDLC DAO Operationalizing a Continuously Evolving Universal Digital Law Codex Through Weighted (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5887242",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "committee-based private codification with periodic amendment cycles"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "4e5c2e2b4304af6d22e0b0939b1fddeabcf091e19a1b00b7bfccf77cbd6280c5",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'ucc'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}