# Uniformity

`kaal:entity:uniformity`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 3 claims that carry the concept tag `uniformity`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

3 claims across 3 works, 2004 to 2017.

**2004**

- [617681-029](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/617681-029) [design/argued] -- A single body of arbitrators affiliated through an association is better positioned than the courts of separate Member States to develop a systematic and consistent approach to the conflict of laws problems unique to the incorporation theory.
  > A single body of arbitrators, affiliated through an association, is theoretically at least in a better position to develop a more systematic and consistent approach to conflict of laws problems unique to the incorporation theory.
  Christian Kirchner, Richard W. Painter, Wulf A. Kaal, Regulatory Competition in EU Corporate Law after Inspire Art Unbundling Delaware's Product for Euro (2004). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=617681

**2013**

- [2317580-036](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2317580-036) [predictive/speculative] -- It is unclear whether corporations with CIAs will be uniformly affected, and future courts are likely to expand the basic legal duty of care only where the facts suggest that the CIA actually provided directors with more knowledge about compliance activities.
  > In light of the Pfizer precedent, future courts could hold directors of corporations that executed CIAs to a higher standard and thereby expand their basic legal duty of care if the facts suggest that CIAs provided directors with more knowledge about compliance activities.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Elizabeth R. Malay, The Role of Corporate Integrity Agreements in the Expansion of Fiduciary Duties (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2317580

**2017**

- [2998033-015](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2998033-015) [condition/argued] -- Digital ownership interests in private investment funds may fall outside the commodity definition because crypto limited partnership interests cannot be uniform across producers, unlike Bitcoin whose uniformity underlies the CFTC's commodity classification.
  > Thus, because of a lack of uniformity, it may be possible that digital ownership interests in private investment funds cannot be classified as commodities.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Innovation for Private Investment Funds (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2998033

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/uniformity.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.