# United states `kaal:entity:united-states` **Status.** derived This node is assembled mechanically from the 9 claims that carry the concept tag `united-states`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself. ## Every claim under this term 9 claims across 7 works, 2012 to 2019. **2012** - [1998455-024](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1998455-024) [design/argued] -- The combination of demonstrated investor interest and an underdeveloped regulatory structure in the United States presents a unique opportunity to experiment with contingent capital designs and with their application to the corporate governance of systemically important financial institutions. > The combination of investor interest and an underdeveloped regulatory structure in the United States, pertaining to this market segment, could present a unique opportunity to experiment with contingent capital designs and their possible application in corpo- rate governance of SIFIs. Wulf A. Kaal, Initial Reflections on the Possible Application of Contingent Capital in Corporate Governance (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1998455 - [2061166-039](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2061166-039) [normative/argued] -- Given the European initiatives on contingent capital and the nascent European market in contingent capital securities, the Board of Governors of the United States Federal Reserve would be well advised to consider implementing contingent capital standards. > Given the European initiatives on contingent capital and the nascent market in European contingent capital securities, the Board of Governors of the United States Federal Reserve would be well advised to consider implementing contingent capital standards. Christoph K. Henkel, Wulf A. Kaal, Contingent Capital in European Union Bank Restructuring (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2061166 - [2097160-026](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2097160-026) [predictive/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Path dependencies in United States executive compensation culture could make it difficult to lower overall executive pay or to add new design elements such as contingent convertible bonds. > However, it is important to note that path dependencies in the executive compensation culture191 in the United States could make the lowering of overall compensation for executives and the addition of new design elements in executive compensation difficult. Wulf A. Kaal, Contingent Capital in Executive Compensation (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2097160 **2016** - [2831040-031](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2831040-031) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- The United States lacks an anticipatory system at the national level because no mechanism exists for bringing foresight and policymaking into an effective relationship. > the United States lacks an anticipatory system at the national level because no mechanism exists for bringing foresight and policymaking into an effective relationship Wulf A. Kaal, Dynamic Regulation for Innovation (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2831040 **2017** - [3002908-025](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3002908-025) [empirical/evidenced] -- The market for private investment funds that invest in and utilize blockchain technology is close to equally divided between the United States and the European Union, with Russia and China playing significant roles. > The data analysis in this article suggests that the market for private investment funds who invest in- and utilize blockchain technology appears to be near equally divided between the US and the EU with Russia and China playing a significant role. Wulf A. Kaal, Marco Dell'Erba, Blockchain Innovation in Private Investment Funds - A Comparative Analysis of the United States and (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3002908 - [3002908-040](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3002908-040) [empirical/evidenced] -- American fund advisers use the smart contracting features of blockchain more frequently than European advisers, in order to build more advanced and innovative crypto businesses and business structures. > Whereas American fund advisers appear to more frequently use the smart contracting features of the technology to build more advanced and innovative crypto businesses and business structures via blockchain technology. Wulf A. Kaal, Marco Dell'Erba, Blockchain Innovation in Private Investment Funds - A Comparative Analysis of the United States and (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3002908 **2018** - [3117224-014](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3117224-014) [empirical/evidenced] -- Switzerland leads the world in total ICO funds raised, followed by the United States. > Switzerland leads the world in total ICO Funds raised, followed by the United States. Wulf A. Kaal, Initial Coin Offerings The Top 25 Jurisdictions and Their Comparative Regulatory Responses (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3117224 - [3117224-020](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3117224-020) [empirical/asserted] -- The United States was excluded from the comparative jurisdictional analysis because its regulatory setup for cryptocurrencies and DLT business was still too uncertain at the time of publication. > The regulatory setup for cryptocurrencies and DLT business was still too uncertain in the United States to be included in the below discussion at the time of publication of this article. Wulf A. Kaal, Initial Coin Offerings The Top 25 Jurisdictions and Their Comparative Regulatory Responses (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3117224 **2019** - [3406323-016](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3406323-016) [empirical/evidenced] -- Transacting in cash costs United States consumers roughly 200 billion dollars annually, about 637 dollars per person, driven by counting, managing, storing, transporting, guarding, and accounting for bank notes. > In the United States, transacting in cash costs the consumer around 200 billion dollars annually - about $637 per person. Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization - A Primer on the New Economy (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3406323 ## Verify Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust. curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/united-states.md | sha256sum **Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.