{
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 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/unquantifiable-risk",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:unquantifiable-risk",
 "name": "Unquantifiable risk",
 "termCode": "unquantifiable-risk",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
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 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "sha256": "8e9c116d9647cfcdbfca93aa178228c3f90dac58835edce9653e8b013cfaf309",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "value": [
    "2019",
    "2021"
   ]
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3411110-020",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3411110-020",
   "text": "Blockchain based offerings introduce technology risks from code design and functioning and from third party intrusions that are generally absent in traditional offerings, and these risks cannot really be quantified.",
   "abstract": "Technology-based risks include risks from the design and functioning of code, and from third-party intrusions. Such risks are generally not present in a traditional offering.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Samuel Evans, Blockchain-Based Securities Offerings (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3411110",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "blockchain based offerings compared with traditional offerings"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "c7626eeb7642045b79f8745df1f7232a8fe8bc44a1f7e87b592850e35b392b50",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808867-023",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808867-023",
   "text": "The conveniences and benefits of centralized algorithmic automation carry risks to humanity that cannot be fully quantified, and decentralized systems can counteract those downsides and threats.",
   "abstract": "At the same time, the conveniences and benefits that derive from centralized algorithmic automation bring with them risks to humanity that cannot be fully quantified. Decentralized systems can counteract the downsides and threats of algorithmic automation",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, How Decentralized Systems Can Upgrade AI (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808867",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "eeccf6d0587bd278a96ce6ac8ec5003e26d161c245f6c94b4144d84f374802eb",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'unquantifiable-risk'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}