{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/unsolved-problem",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:unsolved-problem",
 "name": "Unsolved problem",
 "termCode": "unsolved-problem",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/unsolved-problem.md",
 "sha256": "1e3d60a384b7c36af377a57958eedbb42c79c7cdab9c76fe6bdb1405ae3e0715",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 1
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2018",
    "2018"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3125822-039",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3125822-039",
   "text": "The authors state plainly that in an open, decentralized and anonymous environment they provide no mechanism to stop the formation of sham expertise tags that copy a successful tag's record under a new name.",
   "abstract": "In the open, decentralized, anonymous environment of the platoform, we provide no mechanism to stop the formation of such sham expertise tags.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Vlad Andrei, Blockchain Infrastructure for Measuring Domain Specific Reputation in Autonomous Decentralized and A (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125822",
   "datePublished": "2018",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "open anonymous environment",
    "expertise tags are cheap to create"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "d4d0bbaa3260968226186131d60e6d64a53e904d94e4295c61fd17042f1191ef",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3125822-041",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3125822-041",
   "text": "If 51 percent of users collude to enrich themselves maliciously, nothing in the design can prevent them; the only check is the openness of the system, which would quickly detect such an attack.",
   "abstract": "If 51% of users collude to maliciously enrich themselves, nothing can prevent them, except the open system itself, which would quickly detect such an attack.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Vlad Andrei, Blockchain Infrastructure for Measuring Domain Specific Reputation in Autonomous Decentralized and A (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125822",
   "datePublished": "2018",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "requires a colluding majority of reputation weighted users"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "d4d0bbaa3260968226186131d60e6d64a53e904d94e4295c61fd17042f1191ef",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'unsolved-problem'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}