{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/voting-trusts",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:voting-trusts",
 "name": "Voting trusts",
 "termCode": "voting-trusts",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/voting-trusts.md",
 "sha256": "18a535fd6c98f7f9801bf20cac5d9cdb4b7a6cdc2e1c3a18c4f1ebed9456e258",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 1
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2017",
    "2017"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3017612-005",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3017612-005",
   "text": "Under MBCA Section 7.32 the ten year duration limit is only a default rule, unlike the corresponding limit for voting trusts, so parties who specify a longer term are permitted to have it.",
   "abstract": "The section specifies a 10 year limit, a similar period to voting trusts, but unlike voting trusts, this period is just a default rule, so that if the parties specify a longer period it is permitted.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Shareholder Agreements - National Report of the United States of America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3017612",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "agreements formed under MBCA Section 7.32"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "33821db406f92efbe1698fbaed37687595c13b7ce5463b4a879df679fd4af1ac",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3017612-006",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3017612-006",
   "text": "Duration ceilings contained in voting trust statutes do not carry over to other types of shareholder agreements, and courts have repeatedly sustained shareholder agreements intended to run indefinitely.",
   "abstract": "Duration limitations in the voting trust statutes do not apply to other types of shareholders' agreements.15 Numerous decisions have sustained shareholders' agreements which were to remain in effect indefinitely.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Shareholder Agreements - National Report of the United States of America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3017612",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "agreements other than voting trusts"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "33821db406f92efbe1698fbaed37687595c13b7ce5463b4a879df679fd4af1ac",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'voting-trusts'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}