{
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 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/weighted-voting",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:weighted-voting",
 "name": "Weighted voting",
 "termCode": "weighted-voting",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5225296-031",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5225296-031",
   "text": "Weighted voting defeats Sybil attacks because ECDSA signatures and zk-SNARKs authenticate every platform action, so reputation cannot be artificially inflated by identities that lack genuine contribution.",
   "abstract": "This approach utilizes cryptographic verification—via ECDSA signatures and zk-SNARKs—to authenticate actions, ensuring that reputation cannot be artificially inflated by Sybil identities lacking genuine effort",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Cryptographic Foundations and Interdisciplinary Dimensions of the Secure Proof of Stake (SPoS) Conse (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5225296",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "requires that all platform actions be cryptographically authenticated and reputation be recorded on chain"
   ],
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   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5225296-032",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5225296-032",
   "text": "Weighted voting creates a Nash equilibrium favoring honest participation, because creating additional Sybil identities yields no extra voting power absent corresponding contributions.",
   "abstract": "Game-theoretic analysis indicates that this creates a Nash equilibrium where honest participation is incentivized, as creating Sybil identities yields no additional voting power without corresponding contributions",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Cryptographic Foundations and Interdisciplinary Dimensions of the Secure Proof of Stake (SPoS) Conse (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5225296",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "constrained by cryptographic and temporal verification mechanisms"
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5225296-033",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5225296-033",
   "text": "Weighted voting reduces Sybil attack success rates by over eighty-five percent, but only where reputation is openly auditable.",
   "abstract": "Simulations of reputation-based systems suggest that weighted voting reduces Sybil attack success rates by over 85% when reputation is openly auditable",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Cryptographic Foundations and Interdisciplinary Dimensions of the Secure Proof of Stake (SPoS) Conse (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5225296",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "reputation must be openly auditable"
   ],
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5225296-034",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5225296-034",
   "text": "Weighted voting works as a Sybil defense only under two conditions: reputation metrics must capture meaningful effort such as block production quality and depth of governance participation, and the system must maintain continuous transparency backed by community oversight and formal verification.",
   "abstract": "This defense requires robust metric design—e.g., ensuring reputation reflects meaningful effort (block production quality, governance participation depth)—and continuous transparency, supported by community oversight and formal verification to prevent manipulation",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Cryptographic Foundations and Interdisciplinary Dimensions of the Secure Proof of Stake (SPoS) Conse (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5225296",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "metrics must reflect meaningful effort",
    "continuous transparency and formal verification must be maintained"
   ],
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   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5225296-038",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5225296-038",
   "text": "Neither weighted voting nor microsecond updates suffices alone; together they form a dual-layered defense because weighted voting addresses static identity proliferation while microsecond updates address dynamic behavioral exploitation.",
   "abstract": "Together, weighted voting and microsecond updates form a dual-layered defense, addressing both static identity proliferation and dynamic behavioral exploitation",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Cryptographic Foundations and Interdisciplinary Dimensions of the Secure Proof of Stake (SPoS) Conse (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5225296",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
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  }
 ],
 "description": "5 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'weighted-voting'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}