# Whitepaper

`kaal:entity:whitepaper`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 3 claims that carry the concept tag `whitepaper`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

3 claims across 1 works, 2017 to 2017.

**2017**

- [3067615-005](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3067615-005) [mechanism/argued] -- Because whitepapers are not audited by any authority, the preliminary steps of the ICO roadmap, project announcement, executive summary, and investor comments, carry the burden of building market credibility and investor trust in the soundness of the project.
  > Whitepapers are not audited by any authority. Therefore these preliminary steps are crucial in order to build a general market credibility and investors' trust in the soundness of the project
  Wulf A. Kaal, Marco Dell'Erba, Initial Coin Offerings Emerging Practices, Risk Factors, and Red Flags (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3067615
- [3067615-030](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3067615-030) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- ICOs are not subject to predefined regulatory procedures: whitepapers do not follow prospectus disclosure guidelines, are not reviewed or audited by any authority, and are not subject to any form of rating of the new entrepreneurial initiative.
  > ICOs are not subject to predefined regulatory procedures. Whitepapers do not follow prospectus disclosure guidelines, are not reviewed or unaudited by any authorities and are not subject to any forms of rating of the new entrepreneurial initiatives.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Marco Dell'Erba, Initial Coin Offerings Emerging Practices, Risk Factors, and Red Flags (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3067615
- [3067615-033](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3067615-033) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Zombie ICOs, which have little chance of creating a successful market for their tokens, became increasingly common in 2017 and are identifiable by their inability to answer core questions about the problem solved, the allocation of proceeds, the viability of the product, and the team's business experience.
  > "Zombie ICOs" are ICOs that really have little chance of creating a successful market for their tokens. Such ICOs have become increasingly common in 2017. Zombie ICOs often cannot succinctly answer core questions in their whitepaper or in response to questions by possible investors.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Marco Dell'Erba, Initial Coin Offerings Emerging Practices, Risk Factors, and Red Flags (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3067615

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/whitepaper.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.