{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "Claim",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/2026-07-31-6463",
 "identifier": "kaal:position:2026-07-31-6463",
 "additionalType": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/schema.json#AffirmedPositionClaim",
 "name": "Streaming Tangled Up In Blue Adapting Securities Laws To Initial Coin Offerings B068D4A30B",
 "text": "Tangled Up in Blue: Adapting Securities Laws to Initial Coin Offerings presents the following source proposition: Many of these offerings have similar characteristics to securities offerings, yet are often not registered or exempt from securities laws. This proposition is pertinent to Kaal's source-bound claim that Zombie ICOs, which have little chance of creating a successful market for their tokens, became increasingly common in 2017 and are identifiable by their inability to answer core questions about the problem solved, the allocation of proceeds, the viability of the product, and the team's business experience. The proposed response is an extension: the relationship should remain limited to the retrieved source proposition and the mapped Kaal claim unless fuller source review supports a broader conclusion.",
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7840-1847"
 },
 "datePublished": "2026-07-31",
 "dateModified": "2026-07-31",
 "creativeWorkStatus": "Affirmed",
 "responseType": "extension",
 "keywords": [
  "securities-law",
  "economics",
  "historical-response",
  "scholarly-literature",
  "openalex"
 ],
 "scope_conditions": [
  "The response is limited to the retrieved source proposition and mapped Kaal claim unless fuller source review supports a broader conclusion.",
  "External evidence level: abstract indexed.",
  "Mapping review tier: moderate-confidence claim review.",
  "Primary mapping confidence: 0.4242.",
  "The source-to-claim mapping remains explicitly ambiguous and is published with that limitation."
 ],
 "currentDebate": {
  "name": "Tangled Up in Blue: Adapting Securities Laws to Initial Coin Offerings",
  "url": "https://commons.lib.niu.edu/handle/10843/20266"
 },
 "extends": {
  "identifier": "kaal:claim:3067615-033",
  "url": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3067615-033",
  "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Marco Dell'Erba, Initial Coin Offerings Emerging Practices, Risk Factors, and Red Flags (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3067615",
  "paper": "Wulf A. Kaal, Marco Dell'Erba, Initial Coin Offerings Emerging Practices, Risk Factors, and Red Flags",
  "authors": [
   "Wulf A. Kaal"
  ],
  "year": "2017",
  "ssrn": "https://ssrn.com/abstract=3067615",
  "source_pdf_sha256": "164ce15b9eb1e8847ebcb073f5b23a96b4974ad0308d77469a9455d4a1ebeb38"
 },
 "isBasedOn": [
  {
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3067615-033"
  },
  {
   "@type": "CreativeWork",
   "name": "Tangled Up in Blue: Adapting Securities Laws to Initial Coin Offerings",
   "url": "https://commons.lib.niu.edu/handle/10843/20266"
  }
 ],
 "batch_id": "kaal-review:2026-07-31:streaming-etl-0004",
 "review_provenance": "https://kaal-signal-desk.wulf577462.chatgpt.site/#review",
 "publicationStatus": "public",
 "recordTypeNote": "Dated commentary position extending a scholarly corpus claim. Not a verbatim claim extracted from the paper.",
 "isPartOf": {
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 },
 "version": "1.0",
 "canonical_url": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/2026-07-31-6463",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/2026-07-31-6463.md",
 "candidateId": "kaal:response-draft:2026-07-31:0d80398855a7e59180f9",
 "evidenceLevel": "abstract indexed",
 "reviewTier": "moderate-confidence claim review",
 "mappingConfidence": 0.4242,
 "mappingAmbiguous": true,
 "mappingMethod": "idf-weighted multi-field mapping v1",
 "mappingWhyRelevant": "Shared high-information concepts: securities, initial, coin, offerings, have, often, law, business. Scope: ICO market in 2017.",
 "sourceProvenance": {
  "source": "openalex",
  "sourceRecordId": "https://openalex.org/W2971737509",
  "queryId": "concept:ee778ad15ea3",
  "queryText": "decentralized autonomous organization",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://commons.lib.niu.edu/handle/10843/20266",
  "doi": null,
  "externalIds": {
   "OpenAlex": "https://openalex.org/W2971737509",
   "MAG": "2971737509"
  },
  "retrievedAt": "2026-07-31T17:52:21.992Z",
  "providerPage": 20,
  "rawObservationSha256": "61c6ad9dac776a57e09d8d2408ac4262df815398e97862f4514a7b3662e7e789",
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  "chunkId": "openalex-00006",
  "workId": "work:openalex:https://openalex.org/W2971737509",
  "workAuthors": [
   "Ethan D. Trotz"
  ],
  "workPublishedAt": "2019-07-01",
  "identityKeys": [
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   "openalex:https://openalex.org/w2971737509",
   "url:https://commons.lib.niu.edu/handle/10843/20266",
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   "proposition:30ddf8010decda0ec0297735cfda42f13aa68a9ce1339dbf54e00854b0c48109"
  ],
  "sourceProposition": "Many of these offerings have similar characteristics to securities offerings, yet are often not registered or exempt from securities laws.",
  "sourcePropositionSha256": "0f01550eb121c2880906359bace4fe9b7810fd2440768ccb87aec68dcbcae8d0",
  "sourcePropositionIndex": 1,
  "claimMappings": [
   {
    "claimId": "kaal:claim:3067615-033",
    "claimUrl": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3067615-033",
    "rank": 1,
    "confidence": 0.4242,
    "method": "idf-weighted multi-field mapping v1",
    "whyRelevant": "Shared high-information concepts: securities, initial, coin, offerings, have, often, law, business. Scope: ICO market in 2017.",
    "ambiguous": true
   },
   {
    "claimId": "kaal:claim:3067615-007",
    "claimUrl": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3067615-007",
    "rank": 2,
    "confidence": 0.4115,
    "method": "idf-weighted multi-field mapping v1",
    "whyRelevant": "Shared high-information concepts: securities, initial, coin, offerings, law, economics, banking, regulation. Scope: start-up fundraising conditions before and during the emergence of the ICO market.",
    "ambiguous": true
   },
   {
    "claimId": "kaal:claim:3117224-030",
    "claimUrl": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3117224-030",
    "rank": 3,
    "confidence": 0.3955,
    "method": "idf-weighted multi-field mapping v1",
    "whyRelevant": "Shared high-information concepts: securities, initial, coin, offerings, registered, law, economics. Scope: Canada; as of publication.",
    "ambiguous": true
   },
   {
    "claimId": "kaal:claim:3117224-029",
    "claimUrl": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3117224-029",
    "rank": 4,
    "confidence": 0.3937,
    "method": "idf-weighted multi-field mapping v1",
    "whyRelevant": "Shared high-information concepts: securities, initial, coin, offerings, have, registered, law. Scope: Canada.",
    "ambiguous": true
   },
   {
    "claimId": "kaal:claim:3117224-001",
    "claimUrl": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3117224-001",
    "rank": 5,
    "confidence": 0.3914,
    "method": "idf-weighted multi-field mapping v1",
    "whyRelevant": "Shared high-information concepts: securities, initial, coin, offerings, law, economics, efficiency. Scope: review source claim scope.",
    "ambiguous": true
   }
  ]
 },
 "userAffirmation": "I affirm batch kaal-review:2026-07-31:streaming-etl-0004, SHA-256 76656a95748a5e70056673ed7e170eaf52eb7b843129dad96311bc6e84b0ce9f, as written and authorize publication of all 250 response claims on my canonical property, preserving their evidence levels, ambiguity labels, provenance, and the unchanged 5,033 scholarly claims.",
 "sha256": "9ed5460214b1317b12780454922ab75e67e687fff034aac0789d2f6e0eeaafa7"
}