{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "Claim",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/2026-07-31-6526",
 "identifier": "kaal:position:2026-07-31-6526",
 "additionalType": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/schema.json#AffirmedPositionClaim",
 "name": "Streaming Title Distributed Ledger Technology Dlt And It Governance The Basis For  Ed5Df9D0Db",
 "text": "Title: Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) and IT Governance: The basis for DeFi, CBDC and tokenized assets. presents the following source proposition: DeFi does not rely on intermediaries and centralized institutions. This proposition is pertinent to Kaal's source-bound claim that Between 2011 and 2018 there were 56 cyberattacks on cryptocurrency exchanges, initial coin offerings and other digital currency platforms worldwide, totaling $1.63 billion in hacking related losses. The proposed response is an extension: the relationship should remain limited to the retrieved source proposition and the mapped Kaal claim unless fuller source review supports a broader conclusion.",
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7840-1847"
 },
 "datePublished": "2026-07-31",
 "dateModified": "2026-07-31",
 "creativeWorkStatus": "Affirmed",
 "responseType": "extension",
 "keywords": [
  "defi",
  "consensus-and-security",
  "empirical-evidence",
  "historical-response",
  "scholarly-literature",
  "openalex"
 ],
 "scope_conditions": [
  "The response is limited to the retrieved source proposition and mapped Kaal claim unless fuller source review supports a broader conclusion.",
  "External evidence level: abstract indexed.",
  "Mapping review tier: moderate-confidence claim review.",
  "Primary mapping confidence: 0.3521.",
  "The source-to-claim mapping remains explicitly ambiguous and is published with that limitation."
 ],
 "currentDebate": {
  "name": "Title: Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) and IT Governance: The basis for DeFi, CBDC and tokenized assets.",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.4301/s1807-1775202522013"
 },
 "extends": {
  "identifier": "kaal:claim:3936876-015",
  "url": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3936876-015",
  "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Hayley Howe, Custody of Digital Assets (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3936876",
  "paper": "Wulf A. Kaal, Hayley Howe, Custody of Digital Assets",
  "authors": [
   "Wulf A. Kaal"
  ],
  "year": "2021",
  "ssrn": "https://ssrn.com/abstract=3936876",
  "source_pdf_sha256": "9bc0903d01910460298e754c451f027df4324367359800a98ee8e638d94aff55"
 },
 "isBasedOn": [
  {
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3936876-015"
  },
  {
   "@type": "CreativeWork",
   "name": "Title: Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) and IT Governance: The basis for DeFi, CBDC and tokenized assets.",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.4301/s1807-1775202522013"
  }
 ],
 "batch_id": "kaal-review:2026-07-31:streaming-etl-0005",
 "review_provenance": "https://kaal-signal-desk.wulf577462.chatgpt.site/#review",
 "publicationStatus": "public",
 "recordTypeNote": "Dated commentary position extending a scholarly corpus claim. Not a verbatim claim extracted from the paper.",
 "isPartOf": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/index.json"
 },
 "version": "1.0",
 "canonical_url": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/2026-07-31-6526",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/2026-07-31-6526.md",
 "candidateId": "kaal:response-draft:2026-07-31:4c3dbc19fa0116370f63",
 "evidenceLevel": "abstract indexed",
 "reviewTier": "moderate-confidence claim review",
 "mappingConfidence": 0.3521,
 "mappingAmbiguous": true,
 "mappingMethod": "idf-weighted multi-field mapping v1",
 "mappingWhyRelevant": "Shared high-information concepts: defi, assets, digital, currency, cryptocurrency, security. Scope: global, 2011 to 2018.",
 "sourceProvenance": {
  "source": "openalex",
  "sourceRecordId": "https://openalex.org/W7123360191",
  "queryId": "concept:ee778ad15ea3",
  "queryText": "decentralized autonomous organization",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://doi.org/10.4301/s1807-1775202522013",
  "doi": "10.4301/s1807-1775202522013",
  "externalIds": {
   "OpenAlex": "https://openalex.org/W7123360191",
   "DOI": "10.4301/s1807-1775202522013"
  },
  "retrievedAt": "2026-07-31T17:52:24.118Z",
  "providerPage": 23,
  "rawObservationSha256": "73ece8a0680001f546b34d3deba6233f8333e405561e07e89df997564231bdcf",
  "inputSnapshotSha256": "bdb2cd83e925a3abd26bab9a4375d1355c1d8fbab8736869dc7845f3ba159924",
  "inputLine": 11841,
  "chunkId": "openalex-00001",
  "workId": "work:doi:10.4301/s1807-1775202522013",
  "workAuthors": [
   "Carlos Alberto Durigan",
   "Fernando José Barbin Laurindo"
  ],
  "workPublishedAt": "2025-12-30",
  "identityKeys": [
   "doi:10.4301/s1807-1775202522013",
   "openalex:https://openalex.org/w7123360191",
   "url:https://doi.org/10.4301/s1807-1775202522013",
   "title:6c067a1983ffd1c6fe7a0bd8",
   "proposition:4b94654f41e5ae7dc15ba519f5bf334fbe17bb71819fe1070b5e16f035df8789"
  ],
  "sourceProposition": "DeFi does not rely on intermediaries and centralized institutions.",
  "sourcePropositionSha256": "1c9792f5e75f60139193a1b2722b8c613ab69d0962f9de4fe62884e06179f43d",
  "sourcePropositionIndex": 1,
  "claimMappings": [
   {
    "claimId": "kaal:claim:3936876-015",
    "claimUrl": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3936876-015",
    "rank": 1,
    "confidence": 0.3521,
    "method": "idf-weighted multi-field mapping v1",
    "whyRelevant": "Shared high-information concepts: defi, assets, digital, currency, cryptocurrency, security. Scope: global, 2011 to 2018.",
    "ambiguous": true
   },
   {
    "claimId": "kaal:claim:3409548-036",
    "claimUrl": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3409548-036",
    "rank": 2,
    "confidence": 0.3326,
    "method": "idf-weighted multi-field mapping v1",
    "whyRelevant": "Shared high-information concepts: ledger, technology, defi, not, blockchain, compliance. Scope: funds writing executed trades to a public ledger.",
    "ambiguous": true
   },
   {
    "claimId": "kaal:claim:3808859-029",
    "claimUrl": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808859-029",
    "rank": 3,
    "confidence": 0.3295,
    "method": "idf-weighted multi-field mapping v1",
    "whyRelevant": "Shared high-information concepts: technology, defi, centralized, institutions, interoperability. Scope: review source claim scope.",
    "ambiguous": true
   },
   {
    "claimId": "kaal:claim:3409548-020",
    "claimUrl": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3409548-020",
    "rank": 4,
    "confidence": 0.3247,
    "method": "idf-weighted multi-field mapping v1",
    "whyRelevant": "Shared high-information concepts: ledger, technology, defi, blockchain, compliance. Scope: funds recording trades to a public blockchain ledger.",
    "ambiguous": true
   },
   {
    "claimId": "kaal:claim:3808873-034",
    "claimUrl": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808873-034",
    "rank": 5,
    "confidence": 0.3216,
    "method": "idf-weighted multi-field mapping v1",
    "whyRelevant": "Shared high-information concepts: governance, defi, assets, digital, finance. Scope: digital asset markets at the beginning of the 2020s.",
    "ambiguous": true
   }
  ]
 },
 "userAffirmation": "I affirm batch kaal-review:2026-07-31:streaming-etl-0005, SHA-256 38dc4a26b86055f59a04f2f22c00881f6c50aa4c4e33c702b9de7f310a3e9995, as written and authorize publication of all 248 response claims on my canonical property, preserving their evidence levels, ambiguity labels, provenance, and the unchanged 5,033 scholarly claims.",
 "sha256": "6c9d7cad1d399fe186722f97fee4aab000e177d94be36458d3d94d44de853a67"
}