{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "Claim",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/2026-07-31-6586",
 "identifier": "kaal:position:2026-07-31-6586",
 "additionalType": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/schema.json#AffirmedPositionClaim",
 "name": "Streaming Refinement Of Estimates Of The Success Probability Of A Double Spend Att B7D5C28Ade",
 "text": "Refinement of estimates of the success probability of a double-spend attack on the Blockchain System, Based on the Independent Players Model presents the following source proposition: Using a transparent and fully distributed peer-to-peer blockchain architecture, applications benefit from a data-only model, in which “transactions” are accepted into the blockchain ledger and, if the system is functioning properly, cannot be modified or deleted. This proposition is pertinent to Kaal's source-bound claim that No single, fixed, entirely algorithmic policing solution can completely prevent independent nodes in a distributed system from gaming block production to advantage some parties over others. Any consensus protocol that relies on a permanently fixed rule set will therefore be gamed as conditions change. The proposed response is an extension: the relationship should remain limited to the retrieved source proposition and the mapped Kaal claim unless fuller source review supports a broader conclusion.",
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7840-1847"
 },
 "datePublished": "2026-07-31",
 "dateModified": "2026-07-31",
 "creativeWorkStatus": "Affirmed",
 "responseType": "extension",
 "keywords": [
  "consensus-and-security",
  "regulatory-failure",
  "blockchain",
  "governance-design",
  "historical-response",
  "scholarly-literature",
  "openalex"
 ],
 "scope_conditions": [
  "The response is limited to the retrieved source proposition and mapped Kaal claim unless fuller source review supports a broader conclusion.",
  "External evidence level: abstract indexed.",
  "Mapping review tier: moderate-confidence claim review.",
  "Primary mapping confidence: 0.3594.",
  "The source-to-claim mapping remains explicitly ambiguous and is published with that limitation."
 ],
 "currentDebate": {
  "name": "Refinement of estimates of the success probability of a double-spend attack on the Blockchain System, Based on the Independent Players Model",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.30837/rt.2020.4.203.03"
 },
 "extends": {
  "identifier": "kaal:claim:3125827-001",
  "url": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3125827-001",
  "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Secure Proof of Stake Protocol (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125827",
  "paper": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Secure Proof of Stake Protocol",
  "authors": [
   "Wulf A. Kaal"
  ],
  "year": "2018",
  "ssrn": "https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125827",
  "source_pdf_sha256": "598d9bd95e4af7a0a35328677c6bfc069f69f2e32c30c720b3a0be98a23a40cb"
 },
 "isBasedOn": [
  {
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3125827-001"
  },
  {
   "@type": "CreativeWork",
   "name": "Refinement of estimates of the success probability of a double-spend attack on the Blockchain System, Based on the Independent Players Model",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.30837/rt.2020.4.203.03"
  }
 ],
 "batch_id": "kaal-review:2026-07-31:streaming-etl-0005",
 "review_provenance": "https://kaal-signal-desk.wulf577462.chatgpt.site/#review",
 "publicationStatus": "public",
 "recordTypeNote": "Dated commentary position extending a scholarly corpus claim. Not a verbatim claim extracted from the paper.",
 "isPartOf": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/index.json"
 },
 "version": "1.0",
 "canonical_url": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/2026-07-31-6586",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/2026-07-31-6586.md",
 "candidateId": "kaal:response-draft:2026-07-31:5ea6f784446f9d5e589d",
 "evidenceLevel": "abstract indexed",
 "reviewTier": "moderate-confidence claim review",
 "mappingConfidence": 0.3594,
 "mappingAmbiguous": true,
 "mappingMethod": "idf-weighted multi-field mapping v1",
 "mappingWhyRelevant": "Shared high-information concepts: blockchain, independent, distributed, transactions, single, failure, security, proof. Scope: distributed systems with independent, self interested nodes; protocols that are fixed rather than continually revisable.",
 "sourceProvenance": {
  "source": "openalex",
  "sourceRecordId": "https://openalex.org/W4251263036",
  "queryId": "concept:ee778ad15ea3",
  "queryText": "decentralized autonomous organization",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://doi.org/10.30837/rt.2020.4.203.03",
  "doi": "10.30837/rt.2020.4.203.03",
  "externalIds": {
   "OpenAlex": "https://openalex.org/W4251263036",
   "DOI": "10.30837/rt.2020.4.203.03"
  },
  "retrievedAt": "2026-07-31T17:52:24.839Z",
  "providerPage": 24,
  "rawObservationSha256": "38ef868c7129c38abc8e98ec86b62cf13b8587cc38379f77c6232f040f2d420c",
  "inputSnapshotSha256": "bdb2cd83e925a3abd26bab9a4375d1355c1d8fbab8736869dc7845f3ba159924",
  "inputLine": 12197,
  "chunkId": "openalex-00002",
  "workId": "work:doi:10.30837/rt.2020.4.203.03",
  "workAuthors": [
   "Nikolay Poluyanenko",
   "Yu.I. Gorbenko",
   "Vladyslav Safonenko",
   "Alexandr Kuznetsov"
  ],
  "workPublishedAt": "2020-12-23",
  "identityKeys": [
   "doi:10.30837/rt.2020.4.203.03",
   "openalex:https://openalex.org/w4251263036",
   "url:https://doi.org/10.30837/rt.2020.4.203.03",
   "title:5ff4862ba11b333ea84e6b4c",
   "proposition:ba104129aa493cb9d5e16248f947f839b5b47b430909a08cd26aee094a24e8e5"
  ],
  "sourceProposition": "Using a transparent and fully distributed peer-to-peer blockchain architecture, applications benefit from a data-only model, in which “transactions” are accepted into the blockchain ledger and, if the system is functioning properly, cannot be modified or deleted.",
  "sourcePropositionSha256": "6f84a81ec97df49f10c9aa638c769693cd30b0533f3f79be9676891ae021f538",
  "sourcePropositionIndex": 1,
  "claimMappings": [
   {
    "claimId": "kaal:claim:3125827-001",
    "claimUrl": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3125827-001",
    "rank": 1,
    "confidence": 0.3594,
    "method": "idf-weighted multi-field mapping v1",
    "whyRelevant": "Shared high-information concepts: blockchain, independent, distributed, transactions, single, failure, security, proof. Scope: distributed systems with independent, self interested nodes; protocols that are fixed rather than continually revisable.",
    "ambiguous": true
   },
   {
    "claimId": "kaal:claim:3227933-013",
    "claimUrl": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3227933-013",
    "rank": 2,
    "confidence": 0.3089,
    "method": "idf-weighted multi-field mapping v1",
    "whyRelevant": "Shared high-information concepts: blockchain, distributed, peer, transactions, single, security, abstract, technology. Scope: review source claim scope.",
    "ambiguous": true
   },
   {
    "claimId": "kaal:claim:3808859-039",
    "claimUrl": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808859-039",
    "rank": 3,
    "confidence": 0.3047,
    "method": "idf-weighted multi-field mapping v1",
    "whyRelevant": "Shared high-information concepts: blockchain, fully, transactions, security, proof, work, abstract, technology. Scope: stated as the requirement for technological decentralization via blockchain.",
    "ambiguous": true
   },
   {
    "claimId": "kaal:claim:3409548-024",
    "claimUrl": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3409548-024",
    "rank": 4,
    "confidence": 0.2996,
    "method": "idf-weighted multi-field mapping v1",
    "whyRelevant": "Shared high-information concepts: blockchain, transparent, transactions, verifiable, business, abstract, technology. Scope: review source claim scope.",
    "ambiguous": true
   },
   {
    "claimId": "kaal:claim:3117224-022",
    "claimUrl": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3117224-022",
    "rank": 5,
    "confidence": 0.2972,
    "method": "idf-weighted multi-field mapping v1",
    "whyRelevant": "Shared high-information concepts: blockchain, distributed, ledger, failure, work, abstract, technology. Scope: United Kingdom.",
    "ambiguous": true
   }
  ]
 },
 "userAffirmation": "I affirm batch kaal-review:2026-07-31:streaming-etl-0005, SHA-256 38dc4a26b86055f59a04f2f22c00881f6c50aa4c4e33c702b9de7f310a3e9995, as written and authorize publication of all 248 response claims on my canonical property, preserving their evidence levels, ambiguity labels, provenance, and the unchanged 5,033 scholarly claims.",
 "sha256": "4c50324239325c6b2783c4bc17d6d921f6d8debacbedeef4486b7838d09080c0"
}