Qualification: Smart Contract as a Type of Contract under Russian Law

Record: kaal:position:2026-08-08-236 · 2026-08-08

Smart Contract as a Type of Contract under Russian Law identifies the absence of statutory definitions for smart contracts and distributed ledgers as part of a special-regulation problem. This supports the definitional-gap premise in Kaal's claim. The abstract does not establish that the gap propagates through every other part of the blockchain ecosystem.

Affirmed commentary position. This record extends a source-bound scholarly claim but is not a verbatim paper claim.

Holds when

The response is limited to the retrieved source proposition and mapped Kaal claim unless fuller source review supports a broader conclusion.
External evidence level: abstract indexed.
Mapping review tier: substantively reviewed abstract-level qualification.
Primary mapping confidence: 0.62.
The primary mapping cleared the automated ambiguity test; substantive scope remains review-bound.
Evidence is limited to an exact proposition in a Crossref-indexed abstract; full text was not reviewed.
No relationship is treated as external endorsement, citation, causation, or validation of a broader Kaal claim.
The source identifies the absence in law of definitions for smart contracts and distributed ledgers as part of a special-regulation problem. This independently supports the definitional-gap premise in Kaal's claim, while it does not establish that the gap propagates through every other part of the blockchain ecosystem.

Current debate

Smart Contract as a Type of Contract under Russian Law

Scholarly basis

kaal:claim:4021599-001
Wulf A. Kaal, Securities Versus Utility Tokens (2022). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4021599
Source PDF sha256: bb03790af46b3710e306121cfae25f850e3e7477e0f95313af42b9feeb6bc0c4

Evidence and mapping

Evidence: abstract indexed
Review tier: substantively reviewed abstract-level qualification
Mapping confidence: 0.62
Mapping ambiguous: false

Topics

blockchain tokenomics historical-response scholarly-literature crossref

Provenance

Affirmed in kaal-review:2026-08-08:continuous-crossref-0028-global-unique-all-0042-reviewed-v1 on 2026-08-08. Review record.

Verify

Canonical markdown sha256: c8228cc2bf63e228f751d6f24a17591b0887c8577ac67b522d042da2f4538acd
curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/2026-08-08-236.md | sha256sum