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 "text": "Ahn, Isaac, and Salmon provide independent experimental evidence for the design transition in Kaal's evolution-stage claim. Most prior public-goods experiments fixed groups exogenously. Their experiment instead allows participants to change groups under three entry and exit institutions. The formation rules significantly affect group size, contribution dynamics, and earnings. This supports introducing endogenous formation when testing an institutional arc because fixed membership can suppress behavior generated by formation rules. The comparison is bounded. The source studies human membership in public-goods groups, not autonomous agents forming work, and does not test Kaal's reputation, validation, staking, or three-stage substrate. It therefore qualifies the necessity and implementation level of Kaal's evolution stage rather than validating the architecture.",
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  "The evidence supports endogenous formation as a material institutional test dimension, not Kaal's stronger assertion about the exact level necessary or the broader architecture's validity."
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    "text": "While the rules governing the formation of groups engaging in collective action may have significant impact on group size and behavior of members, most experiments on public goods have been conducted with the subjects in fixed groups or of fixed sizes. We study endogenous formation of groups in a public-goods provision game by allowing subjects to change groups under three sets of rules: free entry and exit, restricted entry and free exit, and free entry and restricted exit. We find that the rules governing entry and exit do have a significant impact on individual behavior and group-level outcomes.",
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