{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "Claim",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/2026-08-08-370",
 "identifier": "kaal:position:2026-08-08-370",
 "additionalType": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/schema.json#AffirmedPositionClaim",
 "name": "Strategic Mining In Proof Of Stake With Practical Random Election 3E2Ce91D",
 "text": "Strategic Mining in Proof-of-Stake with Practical Random Election identifies a concrete failure in validator selection. Distributed random beacons fix randomness across several slots because of latency. Validators can infer future election information. The study reports that, without propagation delay, a validator with any proportion of stake can profit from strategic mining and obtain higher block rewards than prior strategies. The result extends Kaal's claim that fixed consensus rules remain vulnerable to strategic gaming as conditions change. It is limited to the modeled protocol and its no-delay assumption. The evidence does not establish failure across all proof-of-stake systems.",
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7840-1847"
 },
 "datePublished": "2026-08-08",
 "dateModified": "2026-08-08",
 "creativeWorkStatus": "Affirmed",
 "responseType": "extension",
 "keywords": [
  "consensus-and-security",
  "regulatory-failure",
  "blockchain",
  "governance-design",
  "scholarly-literature",
  "crossref",
  "evidence-provenance"
 ],
 "scope_conditions": [
  "The response is limited to the exact Crossref proposition and the one mapped Kaal claim.",
  "External evidence level: current Crossref record, frozen review receipt, and exact evidence passages.",
  "Mapping review tier: independent substantive general-literature extension.",
  "The reported result assumes no propagation delay.",
  "The evidence does not establish failure across every proof-of-stake protocol.",
  "Publisher HTML and the Crossref abstract were verified."
 ],
 "currentDebate": {
  "name": "Strategic Mining in Proof-of-Stake with Practical Random Election",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.33140/amlai.06.04.01"
 },
 "extends": {
  "identifier": "kaal:claim:3125827-001",
  "url": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3125827-001",
  "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Secure Proof of Stake Protocol (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125827",
  "paper": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Secure Proof of Stake Protocol",
  "authors": [
   "Wulf A. Kaal"
  ],
  "year": "2018",
  "ssrn": "https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125827",
  "source_pdf_sha256": "598d9bd95e4af7a0a35328677c6bfc069f69f2e32c30c720b3a0be98a23a40cb"
 },
 "isBasedOn": [
  {
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3125827-001"
  },
  {
   "@type": "CreativeWork",
   "name": "Strategic Mining in Proof-of-Stake with Practical Random Election",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.33140/amlai.06.04.01"
  }
 ],
 "batch_id": "kaal-review:2026-08-08:continuous-crossref-0036-all-0106-reviewed-v1",
 "review_provenance": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/by-date/2026-08-08.html",
 "publicationStatus": "public",
 "recordTypeNote": "Dated commentary position extending a scholarly corpus claim. Not a verbatim claim extracted from the paper.",
 "isPartOf": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/index.json"
 },
 "version": "1.0",
 "canonical_url": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/2026-08-08-370",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/positions/2026-08-08-370.md",
 "candidateId": "kaal:response-draft:2026-08-08:62fd668bf3e13e2ce91d",
 "evidenceLevel": "Current Crossref record with immutable review receipt",
 "reviewTier": "independent substantive general-literature extension",
 "mappingConfidence": 0.62,
 "mappingAmbiguous": false,
 "mappingMethod": "complete-corpus source-proposition mechanism and scope adjudication",
 "mappingWhyRelevant": "The source identifies a concrete strategic-mining mechanism in proof-of-stake block production. Fixed multi-slot randomness exposes future validator-selection information, and the reported model lets validators with arbitrary stake profit from withholding behavior. This directly extends Kaal's fixed-rule gaming mechanism.",
 "sourceProvenance": {
  "source": "crossref",
  "sourceRecordId": "10.33140/amlai.06.04.01",
  "queryId": "concept:1e8ed2c1f331",
  "queryText": "proof of stake governance",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://doi.org/10.33140/amlai.06.04.01",
  "doi": "10.33140/amlai.06.04.01",
  "externalIds": {
   "DOI": "10.33140/amlai.06.04.01",
   "Crossref": "10.33140/amlai.06.04.01"
  },
  "retrievedAt": "2026-08-10T09:22:49.733Z",
  "providerPage": 1,
  "rawObservationSha256": "7e6147b43fc3fa74936ff08d7f0bfaa4de0d9002a68d9ebe1178446e4420baf4",
  "inputSnapshotSha256": "e0878b5f4e449e36ad4d3a8cb56dbc0a259ce23600a081826048df986f3529d4",
  "inputLine": 17568,
  "chunkId": "crossref-00001",
  "workId": "work:doi:10.33140/amlai.06.04.01",
  "workAuthors": [
   "Zhuo Cai"
  ],
  "workPublishedAt": "2025-11-07",
  "identityKeys": [
   "doi:10.33140/amlai.06.04.01",
   "crossref:10.33140/amlai.06.04.01",
   "url:https://doi.org/10.33140/amlai.06.04.01",
   "title:2a2e42b3f3eea2e55b2d7706",
   "proposition:e494daa43e6284b6f2b4044b8b0a8c808552c61e04d76318ae43edb68b16a45e"
  ],
  "sourceProposition": "The security of blockchain systems relies on the honest majority assumption.",
  "sourcePropositionSha256": "0a4f0962d56b96ea79575fcf5210d220f1a1ae2790b841e1c822f8096cc088be",
  "sourceEvidencePassages": [
   {
    "locator": "Publisher HTML and Crossref abstract, passage 1",
    "text": "Current PoS blockchains use random beacons to randomly select validators for each slot. However, the randomness is usually fixed for multiple slots, due to the latency of distributed random beacon protocols.",
    "sha256": "438d39b0ca16369d23bd9a6196c226101c192fb5977eb64bbf32d2f26974e74a"
   },
   {
    "locator": "Publisher HTML and Crossref abstract, passage 2",
    "text": "For proof-of-stake protocols with no propagation delay, we show that a validator with arbitrary proportion of stake can strictly benefit from strategic mining and get significantly higher block rewards than the previous strategies.",
    "sha256": "a990a019c4ad094888916bd43c7a298bd1fc56477e58f3f97196e42f1d788ccc"
   }
  ],
  "sourceEvidenceSetSha256": "6d45e50493b356aa63697b215a2afa1ebe3ebe14c0335367b8c652790d5f9d4f",
  "currentCrossrefRecordSha256": "131659e453eeaa1ed974568c7dc8096aacfd94ffb9e9f8dcf8a701dd89d2f36a",
  "currentCrossrefCheckedAt": "2026-08-14T17:49:52.860Z",
  "claimMappings": [
   {
    "claimId": "kaal:claim:3125827-001",
    "claimUrl": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3125827-001",
    "rank": 1,
    "confidence": 0.62,
    "method": "complete-corpus source-proposition mechanism and scope adjudication",
    "whyRelevant": "The source identifies a concrete strategic-mining mechanism in proof-of-stake block production. Fixed multi-slot randomness exposes future validator-selection information, and the reported model lets validators with arbitrary stake profit from withholding behavior. This directly extends Kaal's fixed-rule gaming mechanism.",
    "ambiguous": false
   }
  ],
  "substantiveReview": {
   "disposition": "retained",
   "reviewVersion": "kaal-public-reactivation-substantive-review-v1",
   "reviewedAt": "2026-08-14T17:48:18.236Z",
   "reviewer": "Codex continuous substantive reviewer",
   "rationale": "The source identifies a concrete strategic-mining mechanism in proof-of-stake block production. Fixed multi-slot randomness exposes future validator-selection information, and the reported model lets validators with arbitrary stake profit from withholding behavior. This directly extends Kaal's fixed-rule gaming mechanism.",
   "limitations": [
    "The reported result assumes no propagation delay.",
    "The evidence does not establish failure across every proof-of-stake protocol."
   ],
   "sourceIdentity": {
    "status": "verified",
    "source": "Current Crossref REST record plus immutable provider receipt",
    "doi": "10.33140/amlai.06.04.01",
    "title": "Strategic Mining in Proof-of-Stake with Practical Random Election",
    "authors": [
     "Zhuo Cai"
    ],
    "checkedAt": "2026-08-14T17:48:18.236Z",
    "responseBodySha256": "131659e453eeaa1ed974568c7dc8096aacfd94ffb9e9f8dcf8a701dd89d2f36a",
    "providerReceipt": {
     "path": null,
     "sha256": "78bc58e2dadf387f1d939b12388a9d57dcad8cbf0ad4e116cd838e7ae0e1b3b1",
     "unavailableFromCurrentReceiptDirectory": true
    }
   },
   "independentRationale": "The authors are not Wulf A. Kaal, and the deposited Crossref references contain no Kaal-authored reference. The relationship is limited to independently stated source propositions and evidence passages.",
   "evidencePassages": [
    {
     "locator": "Publisher HTML and Crossref abstract, passage 1",
     "text": "Current PoS blockchains use random beacons to randomly select validators for each slot. However, the randomness is usually fixed for multiple slots, due to the latency of distributed random beacon protocols.",
     "sha256": "438d39b0ca16369d23bd9a6196c226101c192fb5977eb64bbf32d2f26974e74a"
    },
    {
     "locator": "Publisher HTML and Crossref abstract, passage 2",
     "text": "For proof-of-stake protocols with no propagation delay, we show that a validator with arbitrary proportion of stake can strictly benefit from strategic mining and get significantly higher block rewards than the previous strategies.",
     "sha256": "a990a019c4ad094888916bd43c7a298bd1fc56477e58f3f97196e42f1d788ccc"
    }
   ],
   "nonOverlap": {
    "candidateIdMatches": false,
    "canonicalUrlMatches": false,
    "propositionHashMatches": false
   },
   "m1Validation": {
    "status": "M1-PASS-WITH-LIMITS",
    "deterministicGate": "pass",
    "hardFailures": 0,
    "warnings": 0,
    "reason": "Short positions passed hard mandates and strict deterministic checks. Private canonical claim bytes controlled grounding because the user prohibited GB10 access."
   }
  },
  "privateCompilationFreezeSha256": "67f3a6af7b15bc25c7deccf162ba396d6ca3386171b87e1ce6bf058c919bf243"
 },
 "userAffirmation": "Authorized by Wulf A. Kaal on 2026-08-15 for public corpus publication under public-reactivation authority SHA-256 87aad20196a753015a36d970f742c885eb763efdbada4869949bfffe3298130c. Publication remains receipt-bound to successful GitHub Pages deployment and exact live-byte verification.",
 "sha256": "0260a891e9f69d4f3271112f29539e8e05215a993d972f5a4a71cceae04aa157"
}